Impact of <i>Bolsa Família</i> Program on the nutritional status of children and adolescents from two Brazilian regions

SPERANDIO, Naiara; RODRIGUES, Cristiana Tristão; FRANCESCHINI, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; PRIORE, Silvia Eloiza

doi:10.1590/1678-98652017000400007

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Nutr. 30 (04) • Jul-Aug 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000400007 copy

Impact of Bolsa Família Program on the nutritional status of children and adolescents from two Brazilian regions

Impacto do Programa Bolsa Família no estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes de duas regiões brasileiras

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To assess and compare the impact of the Bolsa Família Program (Family Allowance) on the nutritional status of children and adolescents from the Brazilian Northeastern and Southeastern regions.

Methods:

The study used data from a database derived from a subsample of the Family Budget Survey conducted from 2008 to 2009. The ratios of underweight, stunted, and overweight children were calculated. Impact measurement analysis was preceded by propensity score matching, which matches beneficiary and non-beneficiary families in relation to a set of socioeconomic features. The nearest-neighbor matching algorithm estimated the program impact.

Results:

The ratio of underweight children and adolescents was, on average, 1.1% smaller in the beneficiary families than in the non-beneficiary families in the Northeastern region. As for the Southeastern region, the ratio of overweight children and adolescents was, on average, 4.2% smaller in the beneficiary families. The program did not affect stunting in either region.

Conclusion:

The results showed the positive impact and good focus of the program. Thus, once linked to structural actions, the program may help to improve the nutritional status and quality of life of its beneficiaries.

Keywords:
Malnutrition; Nutritional status; Overweight; Public policy.

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E-mail: sbi.submissionrn@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: N SPERANDIO. E-mail: <naiarasperandio@macae.ufrj.br>.

Variables	Bolsa Família Program
	Northeast			Southeast
	Yes	No	p	Yes	No	p
Per capita monthly income	129.0	178.2	<0.01^a	166.0	201.3	<0.01^a
Household head education level (years of schooling)	003.2	004.0	<0.01^a	004.5	005.2	<0.01^a
% female household head	030.7	030.1	<0.12^b	037.7	031.5	<0.01^b
% white	022.9	023.9	<0.37^b	039.8	038.0	<0.12^b
% black	006.5	007.6	<0.10^b	009.2	008.8	<0.81^b
% brown	069.8	067.6	<0.07^b	050.4	049.3	<0.33^b
Number of household dwellers	004.9	004.7	<0.01^a	004.7	004.5	<0.31^a
Number of sons and daughters	002.2	002.5	<0.06^a	002.7	002.3	<0.01^a
Number of children and adolescents	002.3	002.0	<0.01^a	002.6	002.2	<0.01^a
Number of rooms	005.2	005.5	<0.01^a	005.2	005.3	<0.29^a
Number of bathrooms	000.8	000.9	<0.01^a	000.9	001.0	<0.09^a
% of households with garbage collection	059.5	070.4	<0.01^b	070.4	084.0	<0.01^b
% of households on the electric grid	095.5	096.7	<0.10^b	097.6	098.9	<0.44^b
% of households with piped water	031.7	030.8	<0.40^b	095.7	097.1	<0.11^b
% of households with sewerage connection	011.7	019.1	<0.01^b	049.5	058.5	<0.01^b
% of masonry households	086.6	091.7	<0.01^b	095.2	096.7	<0.44^b
% of urban households	073.0	071.5	<0.12^b	068.7	070.1	<0.12^b

Variables	Northeast			Southeast
Variables	Coefficient	SE	p-value	Coefficient	SE	p-value
Mean income per capita	-0.0512	0.0012	<0.01	-0.0421	0.0067	<0.01
Household on the electric grid	-0.2157	0.1135	<0.06	-0.3569	0.8144	<0.25
Masonry household	-0.0312	0.0741	<0.82	-0.0452	0.2993	<0.98
Household with sewerage connection	-0.0988	0.0749	<0.85	-0.2144	0.1227	<0.44
Household with garbage collection	-0.0611	0.0677	<0.91	-0.3157	0.1340	<0.01
Number of bathrooms	-0.1729	0.0592	<0.01	-0.1688	0.1774	<0.52
Number of household dwellers	-0.1364	0.0205	<0.02	-0.8571	0.0604	<0.15
Number of children and adolescents	-0.4495	0.1603	<0.01	-0.7873	0.4295	<0.01
Number of sons and daughters	-0.1966	0.0230	<0.01	-0.1596	0.0637	<0.02
Urban household	-0.0471	0.6631	<0.47	-0.1587	0.1250	<0.20
Female household head	-0.0931	0.0456	<0.04	-0.2101	0.0872	<0.01
Brown skin color	-0.0742	0.0462	<0.87	0.0330	0.0935	<0.45
Education level of household head	-0.0205	0.0644	<0.01	-0.0282	0.0134	<0.01

Nutritional status	Number of children and adolescents (%)
	Before the matching			After the matching
	Beneficiaries	Non-beneficiaries	p	Beneficiaries	Non- beneficiaries	p
Northeast
Underweight	04.05	04.60	0.03	04.15	05.32	0.01
Normal weight	77.80	74.85	0.01	77.43	75.46	0.03
Excess weight	18.15	20.55	<0.01	18.42	19.22	0.16
Stunted	07.80	06.08	0.02	08.11	07.85	0.11
Proper height	92.20	93.92	0.03	91.89	92.15	0.08
Southeast
Underweight	04.15	04.25	<0.25	04.58	05.32	0.56
Normal weight	72.50	70.67	<0.31	72.78	68.41	0.22
Excess weight	23.35	25.08	<0.02	22.64	26.27	0.01
Stunted	06.89	06.95	<0.48	06.64	06.66	0.95
Non-stunted	93.11	93.05	<0.22	93.36	93.34	0.89

Nutritional status	Northeast			Southeast
Nutritional status	ATT	SE	t	ATT	SE	t
Underweight	-0.011	0.009	-2.122^*	-0.020	0.012	-1.075^*
Normal weight	-0.007	0.001	-0.898^*	-0.009	0.003	-1.002^*
Excess weight	-0.015	0.015	-0.933^*	-0.042	0.036	-1.980^*
Stunted	-0.014	0.012	-1.015^*	-0.007	0.019	-0.386^*
Non-stunted	-0.004	0.001	-1.106^*	-0.005	0.002	-1.101^*