Extra institutional food consumption and food preferences of full-time public school students

CARVALHO, Nágila Araújo de; MARTINS, Karine Anusca; SOUSA, Lucilene Maria de

doi:10.1590/1678-98652018000400003

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev Nutr 31 (4) • Jul-Aug 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000400003 copy

Extra institutional food consumption and food preferences of full-time public school students

Consumo de alimentos extrainstitucionais e preferências alimentares de alunos de escolas públicas de tempo integral

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To analyze the factors associated with the consumption of extra institutional foods and the food preferences of full-time students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with students from full-time municipal schools in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, from 6 to 14 years of age, both sexes and without food restrictions. The per capita family income, maternal education, nutritional status, the consumption of extra institutional foods (meals not provided by the school) in each meal and their source, and foods with higher or lower preference in school eating habits were verified. Both a Chi-Square and a Linear Trend tests were used to analyze the data.

Results

Three hundred and fifty nine students participated, most of them aged between 6 and 10. More than one third consumed extra institutional foods (44.0%), with the highest frequency of consumption during the mid-morning snack (34.0%). These foods mainly originated from their own households (48.7%) and one of the main items consumed was carton juice. There was an association between adolescents and mothers with higher education levels and the consumption of these items during lunch, and between students who are non-overweight and their consumption in the afternoon snack. The preferred foods were chocolate milk and bread with butter/margarine, rice and beans, passion fruit juice, and bread with cheese/requeijão and less preferably: caramelized milk and salt biscuit, beans and beets, coconut porridge and bread with cheese.

Conclusion

There was a high frequency of extra institutional food consumption, associated to the age group, to a higher educational level of the mother and students who are non-overweight. Foods of higher and lower preference included dairy foods and beans.

Keywords
Food consumption; Food preferences; School feeding

Foods consumed in the mid-morning snack (n=122)	n	(%)
Carton juice	44	36.1
Cheesebread/cheese biscuits	37	30.3
Fruit	34	27.9
Sandwich cookies	30	24.6
Carton chocolate milk/yogurt	23	18.9
Snacks/Chips	22	18.0
Biscuits	15	12.3
Cake	14	11.5
Treats (chewing gum, Brazilian honey bread, brigadeiro)	14	11.5
Foods consumed in lunch (n=48)
Industrialized/carton juice	26	54.2
Fruit	9	18.8
Soda	8	16.7
Food or preparations for lunch	6	12.5
Foods consumed in the afternoon snack (n=45)
Treats (chewing gum, Brazilian honey bread, brigadeiro etc.)	17	37.8
Industrialized juice	15	33.3
Sandwich cookie	10	22.2
Others	9	20.0
Biscuits	8	17.8
Snacks/Chips	7	15.6
Fruit	7	15.6
Carton chocolate milk/yogurt	5	11.1

Variables	Consumption of extra institutional food per meal
	Mid-morning snack			Lunch			Afternoon snack
	n=122	(%)	P	n=48	(%)	P	n=45	(%)	p
Consumption of the school meal
Yes	88	31.9	0.126^a a Chi Square Test;	48	13.4	1.000^b b Chi Square Test;	43	12.4	0.652^b b Chi Square Test;
No	34	41.0		0	0		2	16.7
Age (years)
6/oct	93	35.4	0.362^a a Chi Square Test;	29	11.0	0.031^a a Chi Square Test;	33	12.6	0.990^a a Chi Square Test;
nov/14	29	30.2		19	19.8		12	12.5
Sex
Male	59	31.7	0.348^a a Chi Square Test;	21	11.3	0.230^a a Chi Square Test;	19	10.2	0.169^a a Chi Square Test;
Female	63	36.4		27	15.6		26	15.0
Nutritional status
Non-overweight	89	35.5	0.327^a a Chi Square Test;	36	14.4	0.385^a a Chi Square Test;	38	15.2	0.021^a a Chi Square Test;
Overweight	33	30.3		12	11.0		7	6.4
Income (tertiles)^d d Data not obtained for all students; ,^e e R$: Reais (Brazilian currency), U$1.00=R$ 2.59 at the moment of data collection.
1^st tertile (until 285)	36	30.5	0.343^a a Chi Square Test;	11	9.3	0.070^c c Linear Trend Test;	15	12.7	0.887^a a Chi Square Test;
2^nd tertile (>285 to 499)	46	39.3		16	13.7		16	13.7
3^rd tertile (≥500)	40	33.1		21	17.4		14	11.6
Maternal education ^b b Chi Square Test;
0 to 4 years	6	27.3	0.103^a a Chi Square Test;	1	4.6	0.027^c c Linear Trend Test;	4	08.2	0.639^c c Linear Trend Test;
5 to 8 years	44	42.3		9	8.7		13	02.5
≥9 years	71	31.0		37	16.2		27	01.8

Meal	Preference	Food	n	(%)
Mid-morning snack (n=276)	Greater	Chocolate milk	92	33.3
		Bread/toast with butter/margarine	69	25.0
		Bread/toast with requeijão or mozzarella cheese	62	22.5
		Salt biscuits	59	21.4
		Cornstarch or milk biscuits	42	15.2
		Passion fruit juice	41	14.9
		Coffee with milk	38	13.8
		Yogurt	35	12.7
	Lesser	Caramel milk	53	19.2
		Salt biscuit	45	16.3
		Bread with cheese/requeijão	37	13.4
		Baru nut biscuit	36	13.0
		Coffee with milk	34	12.3
		Bread with butter/margarine	34	12.3
Lunch (n=358)	Greater	Rice	201	56.1
		Beans	182	50.8
		Salad	155	43.3
		Cow meat	77	21.5
		Galinhada (dish of rice with chicken)	71	19.8
		Cooked chicken	50	14.0
		Fruit	40	11.2
		Macaroni	36	10.1
	Lesser	No food of preference (likes all of them)	51	14.2
		Beans/School beans	48	13.4
		Beet	40	11.2
Afternoon snack (n=347)	Greater	Passion fruit juice	90	25.9
		Bread/toast with cheese/requeijão	74	21.3
		Yogurt	50	14.4
		Salt biscuit	50	14.4
		Bread/toast with margarine	50	14.4
		Meat sandwich	45	13.0
		Baru nut biscuit	41	11.8
		Cornstarch biscuit	39	11.2
	Lesser	Coconut porridge	47	13.5
		No food of preference (likes all of them)	45	13.0
		Bread with cheese/requeijão	43	12.4
		Baru nut biscuit	38	11.0
		Salt biscuit	36	10.4

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: NA CARVALHO. E-mail: <nagila_ac@yahoo.com.br>.