Food insecurity and overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers

COSTA, Bruna Vieira de Lima; HORTA, Paula Martins; RAMOS, Sabrina Alves

doi:10.1590/1678-9865201932e180128

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Brasil

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Sumário

ORIGINAL • Rev Nutr 32 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e180128 copy

Food insecurity and overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers

Insegurança alimentar e excesso de peso entre trabalhadores de restaurantes populares

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

The objective was to analyze the occurrence and the associated factors with food insecurity and overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers in one of the biggest cities in Brazil.

Methods

A sample comprised of 180 individuals and represented 76.0% of all economy restaurant workers in the city of Belo Horizonte. Food insecurity was identified through the Brazilian Food Security Scale, and excess weight was identified by the body mass index. Data collection included sociodemographic and occupational information, and also health and quality of life perception. Logistic regression models were applied to identify the association.

Results

Food insecurity and overweight prevalence levels were 24.0% and 66.7%, respectively. The odds of identifying food insecurity were 2.34 times higher among workers that perceived their quality of life to be regular/poor/very poor and 62.0% and 74.0% lower among workers from the 2^nd and 3^rd tertile of per capita income, respectively. Individuals ≥40 years old (Odds Ratio=2.69, Confidence Interval 95%:1.33-5.43) and food handlers (Odds Ratio=3.62, Confidence Interval 95%:1.68-7.81) had higher odds of being classified as overweight compared to reference categories. Workers with higher per capita income presented lower odds of being classified as overweight (Odds Ratio=0.40, Confidence Interval 95%:0.17-0,96).

Conclusion

It was evidenced an occurrence of overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers, which was associated with age, income and job position. Food insecurity prevalence was associated with income and quality of life perception. Although the sample work in a food and nutritional security promotion program, it is necessary to recommend actions aimed at the promotion of healthy eating habits.

Keywords
Collective feeding; Food security; Occupational health; Overweight

Characteristics	Frequency (%)
Sex
Female	62.0
Male	38.0
Age
≤39 years	51.1
≥40 years	48.9
Education
High school/college	61.7
Elementary school	38.3
Per capita income
1^st tertile (until BRL 625.00)	35.3
2^nd tertile (BRL 640.00 - BRL 1,000.00)	37.2
3^rd tertile (BRL 1,050.00 - BRL 9,000.00)	27.3
Marital status
With partner	46.1
Without partner	53.9
Head of household
Yes	55.3
No	44.7
Dependent children
No	37.8
Yes	62.2
Number of residents
≤3	53.6
≥4	46.4
Position
Non-food handler	24.4
Food handler	75.6
Assessment of health conditions
Very good/good	78.2
Regular/poor/very poor	21.8
Assessment of quality of life
Very good/good	76.7
Regular/poor/very poor	23.3
Food insecurity
Mild food insecurity	15.6
Moderate food insecurity	5.6
Severe food insecurity	2.8
Overweight
No	33.3
Yes	66.7

Characteristics	Food insecurity				Excess weight
Characteristics	(%)	OR^* * OR: Odds Ratio;	IC95%^ IC95%: Confidence Interval of 95%.	p-value	(%)	OR^* * OR: Odds Ratio;	IC95%^ IC95%: Confidence Interval of 95%.	p-value
Sex
Female	27.0	1	-	-	69.4	1	-	-
Male	19.1	0.64	0.31-1.33	0.230	61.8	0.71	0.38-1.34	0.29
Age
≤39 years	25.0	1	-	-	55.4	1	-	-
≥40 years	22.7	0.88	0.44 - 1.75	0.720	78.4	2.92	1.52-5.6	<0.010
Education
High school/college	23.4	1	-	-	65.8	1	-	0.74
Elementary school	24.6	1.06	0.53-2.16	0.850	68.1	1.11	0.59-2.11
Per capita income
1^st tertile	39.3	1	-	-	75.4	1	-	-
2^nd tertile	20.3	0.39	0.18-0.87	0.020	68.8	0.72	0.33-1.58	0.40
3^rd tertile	12.8	0.23	0.08-0.62	0.030	53.2	0.37	0.16-0.84	0.01
Marital status
With partner	26.5	1	-	-	69.9	1	-	-
Without partner	21.7	0.77	0.39-1.52	0.440	63.9	0.76	0.41-1.43	0.39
Head of household
Yes	25.3	1	-	-	65.7	1	-	-
No	22.5	0.86	0.43-1.72	0.670	67.5	1.09	0.58-2.03	0.79
Dependent children
No	20.6	-	-	-	58.8	1	-	-
Yes	25.9	1.35	0.65-2.8	0.410	71.4	1.75	0.93-3.29	0.08
Number of residents
≤3	20.8	1	-	-	61.5	1	-	-
≥4	27.7	1.46	0.73-2.89	0.280	72.3	1.63	0.87-3.08	0.12
Position
Non-food handler	20.5	1	-	-	40.9	1	-	-
Food handler	25.0	1.29	0.57-2.97	0.540	75.0	4.33	2.12-8.86	<0.001
Experience working in a government-backed economy restaurant
<1year	84.6	1	-	-	75.7	1	-	-
≥1year	15.4	0.45	0.22-0.94	0.030	24.3	1.15	0.56-2.40	0.69
Assessment of health conditions
Very good/good	20.0	1	-	-	64.3	1	-	-
Regular/poor/very poor	35.9	2.24	1.03-4.86	0.004	76.9	1.85	0.81-4.21	0.14
Assessment of quality of life
Very good/good	39.0	1	-	-	65.9	1	-	-
Regular/poor/very poor	18.5	2.82	1.31-6.04	<0.010	65.9	0.99	0.48-2.08	0.99

Variable	OR^* * OR: Odds Ratio;	IC95%^ IC95%: Confidence Interval of 95%.	p-value
Model 1: Food insecurity

Per capita income
1^st tertile	1	-	-
2^nd tertile	0.38	0.17-0.87	0.02
3^rd tertile	0.26	0.09-0.71	<0.01
Assessment of quality of life
Very good/good	1	-	-
Regular/poor/very poor	2.34	1.06-5.19	0.04
Model 2: Overweight
Age
≤39 years	1	-	-
≥40 years	2.69	1.33-5.43	<0.01
Per capita income
1^st tertile	1	-	-
2^nd tertile	0.69	0.30-1.59	0.39
3^rd tertile	0.40	0.17-0.96	0.04
Position
Non-food handler	1	-	-
Food handler	3.62	1.68-7.81	<0.01

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[1] Correspondence to: BVL COSTA. E-mail: <brunavlcosta@gmail.com>.