Food and nutrition (in)security in families of farmers who supply the National School Feeding Program

TRIVELLATO, Paula Torres; PRIORE, Silvia Eloiza; FRANCESCHINI, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; SANTOS, Ricardo Henrique Silva; COSTA, Bianca Aparecida Lima

doi:10.1590/1678-9865201932e180247

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Original • Rev Nutr 32 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e180247 copy

Food and nutrition (in)security in families of farmers who supply the National School Feeding Program

(In)segurança alimentar e nutricional em famílias de agricultores fornecedores do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the situation of food and nutritional (in)security in families of farmers who supply the National School Feeding Program.

Methods

It is a cross-sectional study with 27 families of farmers (n=91). The socioeconomic, anthropometric, biochemical, food availability and perception of food insecurity indicators of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, as well as the time of supply and annual income originating from the program, were evaluated.

Results

Food insecurity, as measured by the scale, was present in 25.9% (n=7) of the families. Food insecurity was associated with socioeconomic factors such as per capita income, the presence of children at home and the number of residents. Food and nutritional insecurity caused by a low caloric availability (<2500kcal/day) occurred in 11.0% (n=3) of the families. Presence of dystrophies such as overweight, low weight and short stature individuals occurred in 89.0% (n=24) of the families.

Conclusion

The study reinforces the existence of variables associated with food insecurity. Social and nutritional factors should be monitored, worked on, and improved in order to achieve food and nutritional security.

Keywords
Family Farming; Food and Nutrition Security; National School Feeding Program

Variables	FI (n=7)		FS (n=20)		OR^* * OR: Odds Ratio (95%CI [Confidence Interval]); (95%CI)	p ^ Fisher’s exact test. In bold, results that present statistical relevance (p<0.05)
Variables	n	%	n	%
Per capita income/month ¹ 1 >Minimum wage in 2017=BRL937.00;
≤½ MS	5	71.4	5	25	7.500	0.043
>½ MS	2	28.6	15	75	(1.09-51.51)
PNAE family income/year ² 2 Classification of family income in the PNAE in the last year of supply, according to the mean value;
≤10,000	4	57.1	10	50	1.333	0.546
>10,000	3	42.9	10	50	(0.235-7.556)
Time of supply to the PNAE ³ 3 Classification of the time of supply to the PNAE, according to the mean value;
≤4 years	3	42.9	12	60	0.500	0.364
>4 years	4	57.1	8	40	(0.87-11.439)
Presence of under 18 year-old individuals in the household
Yes	5	71.4	7	35	4.643	0.110
No	2	28.6	13	65	(0.799-30.418)
Presence of children in the household
Yes	5	71.4	3	15	14.167	0.011
No	2	28.6	17	85	(1.827-109.857)
LSS classification ⁴ 4 Classification according to housing conditions where A means adequate housing conditions and B means intermediate housing conditions;
B	6	85.7	9	45	7.333	0.062
A	1	14.3	11	55	(0.740-72.632)
Number of household residents ⁵ 5 umber of residents in the household, according to the mean value.
>3	5	71.4	5	25	7.500	0.043
≤3	2	28.6	15	75	(1.09-51.51)

Variables	FI (n=7)		FS (n=20)		OR^* * OR: Odds Ratio (95%CI [Confidence Interval]). (95%CI)	p ^ Fisher’s exact test.
Variables	n	%	n	%		p ^ Fisher’s exact test.
Presence of anemia
Yes	4	57.0	4	20	5.33	0.088
No	3	42.9	16	80	(0.834-34.092)
Presence of excess weight ¹ 1 Excess weight (overweight+obesity);
Yes	6	85.7	15	75	2.000	0.498
No	1	14.3	5	25	(0.191-20.898)
Presence of obesity
Yes	3	42.9	6	30	1.750	0.429
No	4	57.1	14	70	(0.296-10.340)
Presence of low stature
Yes	2	28.6	9	45	0.489	0.383
No	5	71.4	11	55	(0.076-3.145)
Low caloric availability ² 2 Availability below 2500 kcal/per capita/day;
Yes	1	14.3	2	10	1.500	0.610
No	6	85.7	18	90	(0.115-19.640)
High caloric availability ³ 3 Availability over 3000kcal/per capita/day;
Yes	5	71.4	11	55	2.045	0.383
No	2	28.6	9	45	(0.318-13.159)
Availability of produced foods ⁴ 4 Mean availability of items produced for self-consumption.
≤15	2	28.6	12	60	0.267	0.161
>15	5	71.4	8	40	(0.041-1.727)

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS

PT TRIVELLATO was responsible for data collection, design, final writing and article revision. SE PRIORE was responsible for the academic guidance, conception, final writing and revision. SCC FRANCESCHINI, RHS SANTOS, and BAL COSTA were responsible for the critical review and final writing.