Relationship between overweight at 6 years of age and socioeconomic conditions at birth, breastfeeding, initial feeding practices and birth weight

ROSA, Letícia Cabral Domingos da; TRAEBERT, Eliane; NUNES, Rodrigo Dias; GHIZZO FILHO, João; TRAEBERT, Jefferson

doi:10.1590/1678-9865201932e190033

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Original • Rev Nutr 32 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e190033 copy

Relationship between overweight at 6 years of age and socioeconomic conditions at birth, breastfeeding, initial feeding practices and birth weight

Relação entre excesso de peso aos 6 anos de idade e condições socioeconômicas ao nascimento, amamentação, práticas iniciais de alimentação e peso ao nascer

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To review the relationship between overweight at 6 years of age and socioeconomic conditions at birth, breastfeeding, early feeding practices and birth weight.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 473 six-year-old schoolchildren from public and private schools living in a municipality in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic and breastfeeding data and other initial feeding practices were obtained through interviews with the mothers at home. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained from the child’s health card. Anthropometric data of the schoolchildren were collected during school visits. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed using the Poisson Regression between the independent variables and overweight.

Results

The prevalence of overweight was 33.2%; 83.2% of the children were breastfed and out of these, 48.4% were breastfed only in the first six months. Non-breastfed children exhibited a 20% higher overweight prevalence (PR=1.20; 95%CI 1.13; 1.28). Children with exclusive breastfeeding for six months exhibited a lower overweight prevalence (PR=0.94; 95%CI 0.89; 0.99).

Conclusion

In this study, breastfeeding showed to be a protective factor for overweight.

Keywords
Breast feeding; Birth weight; Child; Obesity; Overweight

Variables	Overweight
	Yes		No		Total		p
	n	%	n	%	n	%	p
Gender (n=473)							0.162
Male	91	31.5	160	63.7	251	53.1
Female	67	30.2	155	69.8	222	46.9
Ethnicity/Skin Color (n=473)							0.674
Caucasian	130	33.0	264	67.0	394	83.2
Other	28	35.4	51	64.6	79	16.8
Father’s Occupation at Birth (n=445)							0.605
With income	141	33.0	286	67.0	427	92.0
Without income	7	38.9	11	61.1	18	8.0
Mother’s Occupation at Birth (n=464)							0.237
With income	82	36.3	144	63.7	226	48.7
Without income	74	31.1	164	68.9	238	51.3
Father’s Education at Birth (n=371)							0.567
0 to 8 years completed	73	33.8	143	66.2	216	58.2
Over 8 years completed	48	31.0	107	69.0	155	41.8
Mother’s Education at Birth (n=436)							0.687
0 to 8 years completed	67	32.5	139	67.5	206	47.2
Over 8 years completed	79	34.3	151	65.7	230	52.8

Variables	Overweight
	Yes		No		Total		p
	n	%	n	%	n	%	p
Birth weight in connection with Gestational Age (n=378)							0.981
Adequate to the Gestational Age (≥Percentile 10-90)	107	34.6	202	65.4	309	81.7
Big for Gestational Age (>Percentile 90)	24	34.8	45	65.2	69	18.3
Breastfeeding (n=470)							0.006
Yes	135	31.5	293	68.5	428	91.1
No	22	52.4	20	47.6	42	8.9
Exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months (n=353)							0.031
Yes	43	25.1	128	74.9	171	48.4
No	65	35.7	117	64.3	182	51.6
Milk and dairy products period of introduction (n=464)							0.538
Before 6 months	20	30.3	46	69.7	66	14.2
After 6 months	136	34.2	262	65.8	398	85.8
Flour use added to Baby Bottle up to 2 Years (n=461)							0.500
Yes	93	31.8	199	68.2	292	63.3
No	59	34.9	110	65.1	169	36.7
Use of sugar, honey or molasses in the bottle until 2 years (n=466)							0.741
Yes	44	32.4	92	67.6	136	29.2
No	112	33.9	218	66.1	330	70.8
Fruits use before 6 months (n=465)							0.081
Yes	52	39.4	80	60.6	132	28.4
No	103	30.9	230	69.1	333	71.6

Variables	Overweight
Variables	PR_c	95%CI	p	PR_a	95%CI	p
Gender			0.162	#
Male	1.00
Female	0.96	0.91; 1.01
Mother’s Occupation at Birth			0.237	#
With income	1.00
Without income	0.97	0.92; 1.02
Breastfeeding			0.006			<0.001
Yes	1.00			1.00
No	1.14	1.03; 1.27		1.20	1.13; 1.28
Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months			0.031			0.037
Yes	1.00			1.00
No	0.94	0.89; 0.99		0.94	0.89; 0.99
Fruits use before 6 months			0.081	^* * Not included in the model because it presents collinearity with the variable “Exclusive breastfeeding up to the sixth month” (p<0,001); #: No Statistical Significance; PRg: Crude Prevalence Ratio; PRa: Adjusted Prevalence Ratio.
Yes	1.00
No	0.95	0.89; 1.01

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[1] Correspondence to: J TRAEBERT. E-mail:jefferson.traebert@unisul.br.