Branched-Chain amino acids intake is negatively related to body adiposity in individuals at cardiometabolic risk

ALMEIDA, Alinne Paula de; FORTES, Fernanda Santos; SILVEIRA, Brenda Kelly Souza; REIS, Nínive de Almeida; HERMSDORFf, Helen Hermana Miranda

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202033e190208

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Sumário

Original • Rev Nutr 33 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202033e190208 copy

Branched-Chain amino acids intake is negatively related to body adiposity in individuals at cardiometabolic risk

Consumo de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada está negativamente relacionado com adiposidade corporal em indivíduos com risco cardiometabólico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To assess the relationship between branched-chain amino acids intake in the current diet and the metabolic and body adiposity markers in a population at cardiovascular risk.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study with 282 adults and elderly people from the Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition data, as well as metabolic biomarkers were collected using standardized protocols. Dietary intake of branched amino acids was assessed using a 24-hour recall.

Results

Individuals with a higher branched-chain amino acids intake (≥2.6g/day, median value) had lower body fat (29.6 vs 32.2%; p=0.019), and higher serum ferritin (113.2 vs. 60.1mg/dL; p=0.006) and uric acid concentrations (4.4 vs. 4.0; p=0.023). In addition, a lower prevalence of overweight and excessive abdominal fat (p<0.05) was found in the individuals with higher branched-chain amino acids intake. They also had a higher daily intake of fiber, copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron, as well as a lower intake of total lipids.

Conclusion

In the present study, the intake of branched amino acids is negatively related to total and central adiposity, but more studies are needed to fully elucidate this possible relationship. (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, code RBR-5n4y2g).

Keywords
Cardiovascular diseases; Feeding behavior; Isoleucine; Leucine; Overweight; Valine

Variable		Lower BCAA intake <2.6g/day (n=139)		Higher BCAA intake =2.6g/day (n=142)		p-values
Variable		n	%	n	%	p-values
Sex						<0.001^* * p-values: <0.05 using the Chi-Square test.
	Male	75	53.9	40	28.4
	Female	64	46.1	101	71.6
Age						0.084
	Adults	115	82.7	114	80.9
	Elderly individuals	24	17.3	27	19.1
Educational level						0.260
	Illiterate- incomplete high school	26	19.7	36	27.1
	Complete high school	26	20.5	19	14.3
	Complete or incomplete undergraduate	79	59.8	78	58.6
Relationship to the UFV						0.032^* * p-values: <0.05 using the Chi-Square test.
	Worker	61	44.5	40	28.2
	Student	50	36.5	62	43.6
	Worker’s dependent	26	19.0	40	28.2
Marital status						0.159
	Single	56	40.6	66	46.8
	Legally married or in a stable relationship	74	53.6	61	43.3
	Widowed or separated/divorced	8	5.8	14	9.9
Income						0.610
	Did not state	11	7.9	16	11.4
	Up to 2 minimum wages	34	24.7	32	22.9
	2 to 4 minimum wages	52	37.7	50	35.7
	4 to 10 minimum wages	33	23.9	38	27.1
	More than 10 minimum wages	8	5.8	4	2.9
Smoking						0.007^* * p-values: <0.05 using the Chi-Square test.
	Never	81	58.3	107	75.9
	Ex-smoker	51	36.7	29	20.6
	Smoker	7	5.0	5	3.5
Physical activities						0.513
	No	63	45.7	67	47.2
	Yes	75	54.3	75	52.8
Alcoholic beverage intake						0.384
	Does not drink	51	37.2	63	45.3
	Socially	82	59.9	73	52.5
	One or more drinks per day	4	2.9	3	2.2

Intake/day		Lower BCAA intake <2,6g/day (n=139)		Higher BCAA intake =2,6g/day (n= 142)		p-values
Macronutrients
	Carbohydrates (%CI)	51.4	46.5-58.6	54.9	47.3-60.3	0.061
	Proteins (%CI)	17.4	14.7-20.7	18.7	15.0-21.9	0.068
	Total lipids (%CI)	30.3	24.4-34.9	26.8	23.0-33.4	0.008^* * p<0.05. Data presented median and quartiles (p25-p75).
	Fibers (g)	21.5	15.6-29.9	25.3	17.5-33.5	0.019^* * p<0.05. Data presented median and quartiles (p25-p75).
Micronutrients
	Vitamin E (mg)	5.0	3.4-6.4	4.9	3.7-6.8	0.329
	Vitamin A (µg)	502.8	298.8-790.9	464.1	297.8-620.8	0.211
	Vitamin C (mg)	45.2	25.6-129.9	58.3	28.9-140.5	0.168
	Vitamin D (UI)	30.2	16.3-87.3	32.5	18.6-70.1	0.813
	Selenium (µg)	90.9	75.7-106.8	92.9	74.3-112.3	0.400
	Copper (mg)	1.9	1.7-2.1	2.0	1.9-2.3	0.000^* * p<0.05. Data presented median and quartiles (p25-p75).
	Manganese (mg)	3.8	3.0-4.9	3.7	2.7-5.3	0.994
	Zinc (mg)	10.1	8.3-12.1	10.9	8.5-13.7	0.019^* * p<0.05. Data presented median and quartiles (p25-p75).
	Magnesium (mg)	234.5	198.5-273.1	251.2	212.5-306.5	0.018^* * p<0.05. Data presented median and quartiles (p25-p75).
	Calcium (mg)	503.8	364.2-780.3	540.3	392.1-767.7	0.771
	Iron (mg)	9.3	7.7-11.7	10.4	8.6-12.6	0.006^* * p<0.05. Data presented median and quartiles (p25-p75).
	Sodium (mg)	2368.9	2056.7-2952.0	2336.9	1984.9-2692.7	0.144

Intake/day	Lower BCAA intake <2,6g/day (n=139)		Higher BCAA intake =2,6g/day (n=142)		p-values
BMI (kg/m²)	28.74	5.49	28.97	5.56	0.723
Waist circumference (cm)	96.24	14.84	97.35	14.14	0.525
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.92	0.09	0.93	0.09	0.627
Waist-to-height ratio	0.59	0.09	0.58	0.9	0.482
Body fat (%)	32.2	7.1	29.6	8.7	0.019^* * p=<0.05.
Total leukocytes (1.000/mm³)	6,270	1,551	6,375	1,837	0.647
Ferritin (µg/L)	60.1	26.6-152	113.2	56.1-230.7	0.006^* * p=<0.05.
Urea (mg/dL)	29.0	23.2-37.0	32.0	25.0-38.0	0.227
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.0	3.2-4.8	4.4	3.5-5.8	0.023^* * p=<0.05.
Blood glucose (mg/dL)	90.0	83.0-100.7	93.0	85.0-108	0.122
HOMA-IR	2.1	1.3-2.9	2.2	1.3-3.3	0.370
TyG index	4.78	0.3	4.8	0.3	0.762
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	210	41.1	200	44.2	0.074
LDL-c (mg/dL)	128	37.2	120	38.2	0.084
HDL-c (mg/dL)	48.0	39.0-58.0	43.1	36.0-54.0	0.040^* * p=<0.05.
VLDL-c (mg/dL)	27.90	20.4-40.0	26.4	19.3-41.4	0.451
Total cholesterol / HDL-c	4.34	3.57-5.07	4.34	3.45-5.47	0.597
LDL-c / HDL -c	2.55	1.99-3.34	2.59	1.99-3.38	0.883
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	147	100-210	139	101-238	0.956
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	1.92	0.68-5.09	1.51	0.43-3.90	0.344

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[1] Correspondence to: HHM HERMSDORFF. E-mail: helenhermana@ufv.br.