Blockchain and a Technological Perspective for Public Administration: A Systematic Review

Moura, Luzia Menegotto Frick de; Brauner, Daniela Francisco; Janissek-Muniz, Raquel

doi:10.1590/1982-7849rac2020190171

Luzia Menegotto Frick de Moura

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Administração, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-7985

Daniela Francisco Brauner

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Administração, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-7825

Raquel Janissek-Muniz

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Administração, Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0657-6559

* Corresponding Author

Editor-in-chief: Wesley Mendes-Da-Silva (Fundação Getulio Vargas, EAESP, Brazil). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-4872

Reviewers: Fernanda da Silva Momo (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, FCE, Brazil). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-5280. Amanda Cainelli (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-5770. Natália Marroni Borges (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-1608

Authors

Luzia Menegotto Frick de Moura

Rua Washington Luiz, nº 855, Centro Histórico, 90010-460, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: luziamfrick@gmail.com

Daniela Francisco Brauner

Rua Washington Luiz, nº 855, Sl. 433, Centro Histórico, 90010-460, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: daniela.brauner@ufrgs.br; danibrauner@gmail.com

Raquel Janissek-Muniz^** Corresponding Author

Rua Washington Luiz, nº 855, Sl. 311, Centro Histórico, 90010-460, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: rjmuniz@ufrgs.br; raquel.janissek.muniz@gmail.com

Authors' Contributions

1^st author: main article writer. She made the theoretical framework, the collection, analysis and systematization of data, in addition to figures and tables. Creator of the theme.

2^nd author: outlined the initial scope of the study and research method, assisting in the technological framework of the applications identified in the continuity of the research. Helped in the definition and support of the article review.

3^rd author: conducted the adequacy of the article for the journal, including new references and reviewing analysis and discussion of results. First reviewer, responsible for article submission and correspondence with the journal.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have stated that there is no conflict of interest.

Test	String	Web of Science	Scopus	Science Direct	SSRN
1	“administration” + “blockchain”	24	59	289	19
2	“public administration” + “blockchain”	8	18	43	6
3	“public administration” + “blockchain” + “electronic government”	1	1	4	0
4	“blockchain” + “electronic government”	11	2	5	11
5	“public administration” + “blockchain” + “applications”	4	6	37	1
6	“public administration” + “blockchain” + “e-government”	1	3	10	4
7	“blockchain” + “government” + “public management or administration”	6	6	109	5

Platform	Terms used
Scopus	Blockchain and government and public (management or administration)
Web of Science	TS=(blockchain AND government AND public AND (administration OR management))
SSRN	blockchain government public*
Science Direct	Blockchain AND government AND public AND (management OR administration)

Order	Filter	Justification
1^st	Publication Date	Blockchain's study beyond financial transactions is a novelty. In previous years, the articles were about the technology itself. From 2013, the industry began to consolidate and some case studies were reported.
2^nd	Language	The searches were performed with strings with English terms. Papers with abstracts in English that were published in Spanish were also accepted.
3^rd	Material Selection	Only scientific articles were selected; books and book chapters have been excluded as well as repeated articles.
4^th	Summary Analysis	From the summaries, the word Blockchain was identified. If the abstract had this term in its body, then it was searched for: Public Administration, Public Politics, Electronic Government and E-Government.
5^th	Reading of Articles	At the end of the process, 28 articles remained, which were fully read and selected only those that specifically dealt with Public Administration as well as Blockchain.

Article	Author/Year	Journal	Suggested Application	Potential Impacts
Algorithmic Government: Automating Public Services and Supporting Civil Servants in using Data Science Technologies	Engin & Treleavenm (2019)Engin, Z., Treleaven, P. (2019). Algorithmic government: Automating public services and supporting civil servants in using data science technologies. The Computer Journal, 62(3), 448-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxy082 https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxy082...	The Computer Journal	Smart contracts; Contract management; Identity management; Government data storage	Fostering a technological government by fostering startups, transforming public services
Beyond the Hype: Distributed ledger technology in the field of public administration	Kossow & Dykes (2018)	Research Gate	Data security; Data processing; Execution of government pay-ments; Digital identity; Voting	Security in the storage and processing of data; traceability of information; government transparency
Blockchain Governance and The Role of Trust Service Providers: The TrustedChain Network	Atzori (2017)	Social Science Research Network (SSRN)	E-government; Public administration	Avoid duplicity of data; integrity of information; effectiveness in collecting government fees; workflow improvement
Blockchain in government: Benefits and implications of distributed ledger technology for information sharing	Ølnes, Ubacht & Janssen (2017)	Government Information Quarterly	Reorganization of organizational process so that the public service adapts to Blockchain use	Disappearance of sections or restructuring/adaptation of government intermediary bodies to ensure proper management of Blockchain operation
Blockchain in the built environment and construction industry: A systematic review, conceptual models and practical use cases	Li, Greenwood & Kassem (2019)	Automation in Construction	Utilize Blockchain within building processes to improve information sharing and contribute to the development of smart cities and governments	Reduction of bureaucracy and streamlining of financial transactions
Blockchain meets Genomics: governance considerations for promoting food safety and public health	Johnson (2019)Johnson, W. G. (2019). Blockchain meets genomics: Governance considerations for promoting food safety and public health. Journal of Food Law and Policy, 15(1), 74-97. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jflp/vol15/iss1/3 https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jflp/vol15...	Journal of Food Law and Policy	Using Blockchain to control food supply chain for identifying pathogens	Public-private partnership in system management (data governance)
Blockchain = less government, more market	Berg, Markey-Towler & Novak (2018)	SSRN	Smart Contracts, Voting, Payments, Financing	From the use of Blockchain decrease dependence on government institutions
Blockchain Tracking and Cannabis Regulation: Developing a permissioned blockchain network to track Canada’s cannabis supply chain	Abelseth (2018)Abelseth, B. (2018). Blockchain tracking and cannabis regulation: Developing a permissioned blockchain network to track Canada’s cannabis supply chain. Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management, 14, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5931/djim.v14i0.7869 https://doi.org/10.5931/djim.v14i0.7869...	Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management	Use Blockchain to store data related to government regulated production and distribution data on cannabis in Canada	Regulate and store data related to cannabis production to improve production control and decrease illegal drug sales
El auge de blockchain y sus possibilidades reales de aplicación en los registros de las administraciones públicas	Maza (2019)Maza, M.V. (2019) El auge de blockchain y sus posibilidades reales de aplicación en los registros de las administraciones públicas. IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Ciencia Política, (28), 109-126. http://doi.org/10.7238/idp.v0i28.3154 http://doi.org/10.7238/idp.v0i28.3154...	Revista de Internet,Derecho y Política	Blockchain would be used for storing various government records.	Higher levels of data security and transparency as well as reduction of potential tampering
Governance on the Drug Supply Chain via Gcoin Blockchain	Tseng, Liao, Chong & Liao (2018)	International Jornal of Environmental Research and Public Administration	Use the Blockchain Gcoin system to enable transparent drug transactions	Improved control over drug distribution, decreasing counterfeit drug trade
Land records on Blockchain for an implementation of Land Titling in India	Thakur, Doja, Dwivedi, Ahmad & Khadanga (2019)	International Journal of Information Management	Use of Blockchain to record land properties and other related documents	Organization of structures and consequently of the process of property registration
Next Generation Government Service Bus: The Blockchain Landscape	Marchionni (2018)Marchionni, P. (2018). Next generation government service bus: The blockchain landscape. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3141749 http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3141749...	SSRN	Use of Blockchain to improve communication between government service sectors	Each sector would be responsible for their data management and, through Blockchain, would exchange accurate and agile information.
Promoting public deliberation in low truste environments - Australian use cases	Lander & Cooper (2017)Lander, L., Cooper, N. (2017, August). Promoting public deliberation in low trust environments: Australian use cases. CEUR Workshop Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Melbourne, Australia, 26.	SSRN	Use of Blockchain for online voting of public policy projects	Guaranteed transparency and reliability to the vote for data security provided by Blockchain
Regulation as both enabler of technology use and global competitive tool: The Gibraltar case	Scholl & Bolívar (2019)Scholl, H. J., Bolívar, M. P. R. (2019). Regulation as both enabler of technology use and global competitive tool: The Gibraltar case. Government Information Quarterly, 36(3), 601-613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.05.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.05....	Government Information Quarterly	Blockchain regulation deliberation from the stakeholders involved	Implementing Blockchain as a public policy that adds public value
The promisse of peer-to-peer? The potential impact of blockchain on the actor configuration in the Dutch eletricity system	Buth, Wieczorek & Verbong (2019)	Energy Research and Social Science	Use Blockchain to store small-scale power gen-eration data and allow it to be sold and pur-chased	Intelligently make viable the use/implementation of a local energy market
The security and financial implications of Blockchain technologies: regulating emerging technologies in Canada	Ducas & Wilner (2017)Ducas, E., Wilner, A. (2017). The security and financial implications of blockchain technologies: Regulating emerging technologies in Canada. Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis, 72(4), 538-562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702017741909 https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702017741909...	Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis	Possibility to use “sand-box regulation” so that Blockchain research can develop	Ensure legal certainty for ongoing testing using Blockchain, not restricted to government pilot projects only

Blockchain applications	Benefits in public administration	Principles
Data processing	Combating corruption and transparency	Storage of distributed databases, improving the security of public data, providing better management, transparency and immutability
Data processing	Fraud-free notary services	Applied to real estate property registration industry, avoiding tampering
Data security	Increasing citizen participation mechanisms	Supported Blockchain elections and/or voting for process reliability
New models of state regulation	Safe decentralization of civil records and other data used by public administration	Blockchain data processing and storage for better management, transparency and immutability
New institutional procedures	Efficiency, updating and modernization of public sector processes and regulations	Restructuring of public institutions to adapt to Blockchain implementation, bringing efficiency to the sector

[1] * Corresponding Author

Brasil

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Blockchain and a Technological Perspective for Public Administration: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT

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