Adolescent drivers in Brazil: prevalence and associated factors estimated from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Duarte, Elisabeth Carmen; Garcia, Leila Posenato

doi:10.1590/1809-4503201400050002

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 17 (suppl 1) • 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400050002 copy

Adolescent drivers in Brazil: prevalence and associated factors estimated from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

INTRODUCTION:

There is evidence that adolescent drivers can represent risks to themselves, to passengers and to society in general.

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the prevalence of history of driving among adolescent students (under the age of 18) and associated factors, in Brazil, in 2012.

METHODS:

This study analyzed data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), held in 2012. The prevalence of history (at least once in the past 30 days) of driving motorized vehicles (cars, motorcycles or boats) by students aged less than 18 years old, as well as crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) related to frequent driving (four or more times in the past 30 days) as the outcome, were estimated.

RESULTS:

Among the 106,621 interviewed students, 27.0% (95%CI 22.9 - 31.5) reported having driven a motorized vehicle, and 12.9% (95%CI 10.0 - 16.5) reported being a frequent driver (four or more times). Factors associated with frequent driving were: older age, male, mothers with higher schooling, living in a household with fewer members, living in the North and Northeast regions, living with someone who has a motorcycle or a car, when their school is not located in a state-capital, drinking alcohol and not wearing a seatbelt.

CONCLUSION:

The higher prevalence of history of driving among adolescent students in Brazil and the identified associated factors might help authorities to prioritize policies and to reinforce the adherence to traffic legislation among specific groups.

Automobile driving; School health; Adolescent; Adolescent behavior; Cross-sectional studies; Traffic accidents

	Prevalence (%)	95%CI
Driving a motorized vehicle (past 30 days)
No	73.0	68.5 – 77.1
Yes (Once or more)	27.0	22.9 – 31.5
Frequency
Once	8.1	7.8 – 8.5
2 – 3 times	6.0	5.1 – 7.1
4 – 5 times	3.2	2.9 – 3.7
6 times or more	9.6	7.1 – 12.9
Driving often (4 times or more) according to age (years)
Total (< 18)	12.9	10.0 – 16.5
< 15	10.3	7.7 – 13.8
15	17.6	15.1 – 20.3
16	19.9	16.9 – 23.3
17	22.7	19.7 – 26.1
Driving often (4 times or more) according to sex
Men	20.0	15.5-25.5
Women	6.4	4.4 – 9.1

Variable	Crude OR	95%CI	p-value	Adjusted OR*	95%CI	p-value
Age (years)
< 15 (ref.)	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
15	1.989	1.676 – 2.359	< 0.001	1.985	1.697 – 2.321	< 0.001
16	2.381	1.884 – 3.010	< 0.001	2.242	1.891 – 2.660	< 0.001
17	2.826	2.254 – 3.544	< 0.001	2.572	2.155 – 3.070	< 0.001
Male	4.275	3.627 – 5.039	< 0.001	4.395	3.700 – 5.220	< 0.001
Race/color
White (ref.)	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
Black	1.056	0.912 – 1.224	0.453	1.074	0.923 – 1.250	0.345
Yellow	0.962	0.806 – 1.148	0.659	0.994	0.813 – 1.214	0.949
Mulatto	1.033	0.936 – 1.140	0.509	1.070	1.038 – 1.104	< 0.001
Indigenous	1.197	1.069 – 1.340	0.003	1.180	1.026 – 1.358	0.022
Not living with the mother	1.198	1.037 – 1.383	0.016	–	–	–
Not living with the father	0.847	0.756 – 0.950	0.006	–	–	–
Region*
Southeast (ref.)	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
Center-West	1.419	1.117 – 1.801	0.005	1.214	1.060 – 1.389	0.006
South	1.619	1.387 – 1.890	< 0.001	1.276	1.115 – 1.461	0.001
Northeast	1.934	1.557 – 2.403	< 0.001	1.669	1.489 – 1.872	< 0.001
North	2.208	1.404 – 3.474	0.001	1.926	1.482 – 2.502	< 0.001
Mothers’ schooling
< Elementary school (ref.)	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
Complete elementary school or more (no higher education)	1.062	0.959 – 1.177	0.238	1.144	1.027 – 1.274	0.016
Higher education or more	1.167	0.953 – 1.428	0.13	1.233	1.063 – 1.429	0.007
Fathers’ schooling
< Elementary school (ref.)	1.000	–	–	–	–	–
Complete elementary school or more (no higher education)	0.986	0.946 – 1.028	0.49	–	–	–
Higher education or more	0.915	0.713 – 1.172	0.469	–	–	–
Number of people in the household
Living alone (ref.)	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
2 – 4 people	0.488	0.120 – 1.982	0.304	0.670	0.259 – 1.733	0.396
5 – 7 people	0.467	0.115 – 1.888	0.275	0.567	0.210 – 1.529	0.252
8 – 10 people	0.425	0.125 – 1.438	0.162	0.448	0.203 – 0.986	0.046
11 and more (up to 30)	0.642	0.243 – 1.694	0.359	0.586	0.208 – 1.651	0.301
Someone in the house owns a car	1.453	1.245 – 1.695	< 0.001	1.693	1.535 – 1.866	< 0.001
Someone in the house owns a motorcycle	3.842	3.459 – 4.267	< 0.001	3.508	2.985 – 4.124	< 0.001
Someone in the house owns a car or a motorcycle^†	2.732	2.195 – 3.399	< 0.001	^†	–	–
School in a non-capital city	1.543	1.024 – 2.325	0.039	1.497	1.267 – 1.769	< 0.001
Public school	1.180	0.971 – 1.433	0.093	1.136	1.007 – 1.282	0.039

Variable	Crude OR	95%CI	p-value	Adjusted OR*	95%CI	p-value
Have you ever drunk alcohol^†
No (ref.)	1.000	–	–
Yes	2.617	2.346 – 2.919	< 0.001	^†
Frequency of alcohol consumption (past 30 days)
Never (ref.)	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
1 – 2 days	2.342	2.178 – 2.519	< 0.001	2.099	1.905 – 2.311	< 0.001
3 – 9 days	3.953	3.660 – 4.269	< 0.001	3.311	3.014 – 3.638	< 0.001
10 or more (< 30 days)	4.549	3.664 – 5.649	< 0.001	3.477	2.781 – 4.348	< 0.001
Every day	8.943	5.560 – 14.385	< 0.001	8.627	4.995 – 14.899	< 0.001
How often did you use a seatbelt in a car driven by somone else (past 30 days)?
Always or most of the time	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
Never, rarely or sometimes	1.277	1.171 – 1.393	< 0.001	1.088	1.024 – 1.157	0.008
Was not in a car	0.489	0.439 – 0.545	< 0.001	0.650	0.559 – 0.757	< 0.001
How often did you use a helmet when riding a motorcycle (past 30 days)?
Always or most of the time	1.000	–	–	1.000	–	–
Never, rarely or sometimes	1.002	0.902 – 1.112	0.974	0.965	0.876 – 1.062	0.451
Was not in a motorcycle	0.119	0.106 – 0.134	< 0.001	0.133	–	< 0.001

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[1] Corresponding author: Elisabeth Carmen Duarte. Universidade de Brasília, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Campus Darcy Ribeiro. Asa Norte, s/n, CEP: 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil. E-mail: eduarte@unb.br