Comparison of nutritional status and dietary intake self-reported by elderly people of different birth cohorts (1936 to 1940 and 1946 to 1950): Health, Wellbeing and Aging (SABE) Study

Marucci, Maria de Fátima Nunes; Roediger, Manuela de Almeida; Dourado, Daiana Aparecida Quintiliano Scarpelli; Bueno, Denise Rodrigues

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Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 21 (Suppl 02) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720180015.supl.2 copy

Comparison of nutritional status and dietary intake self-reported by elderly people of different birth cohorts (1936 to 1940 and 1946 to 1950): Health, Wellbeing and Aging (SABE) Study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Introduction:

The aging process is characterized by several changes in individuals’ life, including his or her nutritional status and food intake. To understand the trends of these changes, studies with elderly people who were born at different times are necessary.

Objective:

To compare the nutritional status and food intake of elderly people who participated in the Health, Well-being, and Aging study (SABE study), conducted in São Paulo, in 2000 and 2010.

Methods:

The nutritional status was identified by means of the body mass index (BMI) and was classified as underweight (BMI < 23 kg/m²), adequate weight (23 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m²), or overweight (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m). Food intake was self-reported and was classified as the number of meals (≥ 3/day), frequency of intake of dairy products (≥ 1 serving/day), eggs and beans (≥ 1 serving/week), fruits and vegetables (≥ 2 servings/day), meat (≥ 3 servings/week), and liquids (≥ 5 glasses/day). The prevalence ratio was calculated to compare the variables of the cohorts, using Poisson regression.

Results:

A total of 755 individuals of both the genders aged 60 to 64 years and who were born between 1936 and 1940 and between 1946 and 1950 participated in this study. Elderly people who were born between 1946 and 1950 presented higher prevalence ratio of overweight (PR = 1.19), number of meals (PR = 1.34), and liquids intake (PR = 1.18), but presented lower prevalence of intake of dairy products (PR = 0.87), meats (PR = 0.93), and fruits and vegetables (PR = 0.83).

Conclusion:

These results showed concerning scenarios of nutritional status and food intake for the most recent cohort (1946 - 1950).

Keywords:
Aged; Aging; Anthropometry; Feeding; Nutritional status; Cohort studies

Variables	Cohort A		Cohort C		p-value*
Variables	n	%	n	%	p-value*
Nutritional status
Normal weight	176	42.5	120	36.9	0.0040*
Underweight	63	15.5	35	9.4
Overweight	187	42.0	174	53.7
≥ 3 meals per day
Yes	283	66.0	289	88.3	0.0000*
No	142	34.0	38	11.7	0.0000*
≥ 1 serving of dairy products/day
Yes	341	79.3	226	69.2	0.0031*
No	85	20.7	103	30.8	0.0031*
≥ 1 serving of eggs and/or vegetables/week
Yes	405	95.3	316	95.6	0.8412
No	21	4.7	13	4.4	0.8412
≥ 1 serving of meat 3 times/week
Yes	392	92.1	278	85.2	0.0050*
No	34	7.9	49	14.8	0.0050*
≥ 2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day
Yes	348	80.9	222	67.4	0.0001*
No	78	19.1	107	32.6	0.0001*
≥ 5 glasses of liquids/day
Yes	223	52.0	197	61.2	0.0182*
No	203	48.0	131	38.8	0.0182*

Variables	Cohort A		Cohort C		p-value*
Variables	n	%	n	n	p-value*
Nutritional status
Normal weight	87	50.6	61	30.3	0.0000*
Underweight	31	18.0	23	10.2
Overweight	53	31.4	125	59.5
≥ 3 meals per day
Yes	114	66.1	188	91.5	0.0000*
No	57	33.9	20	8.5	0.0000*
≥ 1 serving of dairy products/day
Yes	128	74.2	150	71.0	0.5194
No	43	25.8	59	29.0	0.5194
≥ 1 serving of eggs and/or vegetables/week
Yes	166	97.2	200	96.0	0.3268
No	5	2.7	9	4.0	0.3268
≥ 1 serving of meat 3 times/week
Yes	162	94.3	181	88.0	0.0442*
No	9	5.7	27	12.0	0.0442*
≥ 2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day
Yes	132	77.1	154	73.2	0.4147
No	39	22.9	55	26.8	0.4147
≥ 5 glasses of liquids/day
Yes	96	55.3	112	53.8	0.7749
No	75	44.7	96	46.2	0.7749

Variables	Cohort A		Cohort C		p-value*
Variables	n	%	n	n	p-value*
Nutritional status
Normal weight	89	36.2	59	45.6	0.1567
Underweight	32	13.6	12	8.3
Overweight	134	50.3	49	46.1
≥ 3 meals per day
Yes	169	66.0	101	84.0	0.0013*
No	85	34.0	18	16.0	0.0013*
≥ 1 serving of dairy products/day
Yes	213	83.3	76	66.8	0.0007*
No	42	16.7	44	33.2	0.0007*
≥ 1 serving of eggs and/or vegetables/week
Yes	239	93.7	116	96.0	0.4298
No	16	6.3	4	4.0	0.4298
≥ 1 serving of meat 3 times/week
Yes	230	90.3	97	81.4	0.0266*
No	25	9.7	22	18.6
≥ 2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day
Yes	216	83.9	68	18.6		59.6	0.0000*
No	39	16.1	52	40.4
≥ 5 glasses of liquids/day
Yes	127	49.3	85	40.4	71.1	0.0004*
No	128	50.7	35	28.9		0.0004*

Variables	Total		Women		Men
	A × C		A × C		A × C
	PR	CI	PR	CI	PR	CI
Underweight	0.76	0.52 - 1.12	0.96	0.58 - 1.58	0.57	0.31 - 1.05
Overweight	1.19	1.02 - 1.39*	1.73	1.36 - 2.21*	0.86	0.68 - 1.10
≥ 3 meals per day	1.34	1.23 -1. 45*	1.39	1.23 - 1.56*	1.27	1.12 - 1.45*
≥ 1 serving of dairy products/day	0.87	0.79 - 0.96*	0.96	0.84 - 1.09	0.80	0.69 - 0.93*
≥ 1 serving of eggs and/or vegetables/week	1.00	0.97 - 1.04	0.98	0.93 - 1.02	1.02	0.97 - 1.08
≥ 1 serving of meat 3 times/week	0.93	0.87 - 0.98*	0.93	0.87 - 0.99*	0.90	0.81 - 1.00
≥ 2 servings of fruits and vegetables/day	0.83	0.76 - 0.92*	0.95	0.84 - 1.07	0.71	0.60 - 0.84*
≥ 5 glasses of liquids/day	1.18	1.03 - 1.35*	0.97	0.80 - 1.18	1.44	1.20 - 1.73*

Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - 2º andar - sl. 3 - Cerqueira César, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil , Tel./FAX: +55 11 3085-5411 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revbrepi@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Maria de Fátima Nunes Marucci. Departamento de Nutrição da Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP: 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: mmarucci@usp.br