Sedentary behavior in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: ISA-Capital 2015

Rocha, Betânia Morais Cavalcanti; Goldbaum, Moisés; César, Chester Luiz Galvão; Stopa, Sheila Rizzato

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Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 22 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190050 copy

Sedentary behavior in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: ISA-Capital 2015

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Introduction:

The excessive sitting time involved in activities of low energy expenditure (sedentary behavior) can contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Assessing factors related to this behavior in a population is important to identify its most vulnerable segments.

Objective:

To describe sitting time distribution in the adult population of São Paulo City according to sociodemographic and environmental characteristics and health conditions.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study involving 2,512 individuals, aged 20 to 65 years, who participated in the Health Survey in the City of São Paulo (Inquérito de Saúde no Município de São Paulo - ISA-Capital) 2015. Data relating to sitting time were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), initially analyzed continuously, and, afterward, dichotomized by the median to analyze categorical variables.

Results:

The total sitting time median in the sample was 180 min/day. The variables that, after adjustments, remained related to sedentary behavior were: schooling (prevalence ratio - PR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.35 - 1.48); marital status (PR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.02 - 1.08); neighborhood safety (PR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.93 - 0.99); age (PR = 0.91; 95%CI 0.87 - 0.95); income (PR = 1.07; 95%CI 1.00 - 1.15); self-rated health (PR = 1.03; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.07), and gender (PR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.94 - 0.99).

Conclusion:

The most vulnerable groups to sedentary behavior in this population are: younger males, with higher schooling and income, who live in neighborhoods considered safe, unmarried, and with negative self-rated health.

Keywords:
Sedentary lifestyle; Exercise; Adult health

Variables	%*	N**	Mean	95%CI	Median	(25-75)	P^***
Sitting time (min/day)	100	2,512	230.7	223.2 - 238.1	180	90-326
Gender
Male	47.1	1,085	260.2	241.7 - 278.8	201	111-342	< 0.001
Female	52.9	1,427	233.6	220.7 - 246.6	171	77-308	< 0.001
Age range
20-29	25.0	551	309.7	284.5 - 334.8	240	120-420	< 0.001
30-39	27.1	611	245.2	224 - 266.4	197	90-334
40-49	22.0	518	221.6	201.2 - 242.0	163	64-300
50-59	18.0	463	206.9	189.2 - 224.7	163	86-274
60-65	7.9	369	206.9	188.7 - 225.1	157	77-266
Marital status
Married	61	1,529	229.1	212.8 - 245.4	171	81-300	< 0.001
Unmarried	39	977	274.0	258.1 - 289.7	214	111-369	< 0.001
Schooling^a (years)
0-4	14.3	456	143.4	128.6 - 158.2	120	51-187	< 0.001
5-8	16.4	455	194.8	176.3 - 213.3	154	73-266
9-11	49.6	1,194	249.4	235.5 - 263.2	201	107-343
12 or more	19.8	394	357.9	327.5 - 388.3	334	201-463
Income^b
1 MW or less	19.7	512	216	196.5 - 235.4	163	77-274	< 0.001
> 1 to 5 MW	62.6	1,516	236.4	222.7 - 250.0	180	90-313
> 5 to 10 MW	12.2	262	313.4	277.6 - 349.1	257	120-420
> 10 MW	5.5	106	327.2	278.7 - 375.6	296	137-420
Neighborhood safety^δ
Yes	55.4	1,327	264.4	245.5 - 283.3	197	101-343	< 0.001
No	44.6	1,167	224.6	212.3 - 237.0	167	81-309	< 0.001
Proximity to recreation area^δ
No	41.9	1,049	243.9	229.2 - 258.7	189	94-326	0.35
Yes	58.1	1,388	250.4	234.1 - 266.8	180	89-326	0.35

Variables	%*	N**	Mean	95%CI	Median	(25-75)	P***
Hypertension
No	81.4	1,957	254.1	240.3 - 267.9	190	94 - 343	0.01
Yes	18.6	552	209.7	193.8 - 225.7	165	79 - 266	0.01
Diabetes
No	94.4	2,328	247.6	234.7 - 260.6	180	94 - 326	0.47
Yes	5.6	179	222.4	196.5 - 248.3	180	77 - 297	0.47
Depression, anxiety		2
No	84.6	2,096	245.7	232.2 - 259.2	180	90 - 326	0.35
Yes	15.4	412	248.4	224 - 272.8	197	90 - 314	0.35
Back pain
No	63.7	1,557	252.3	237.2 - 267.5	197	99 - 334	0.001
Yes	36.3	953	235.8	218.5 - 253.0	167	77 - 300	0.001
Self-rated health
Positive	73.5	1,781	250.1	236.2 - 264.1	188	94 - 334	0.06
Negative	26.5	725	236.27	217.2 - 255.3	175	83 - 308	0.06
Physical activity level
Insufficiently active	16.3	398	282	256.7 - 306.7	221	103 - 373	0.001
Physically active	83.7	2,088	239.7	226.2 - 253.2	180	90 - 316	0.001

Variables	> 180 min (%)	95%CI	PR (crude)	95%CI	p
Sitting time (min/day)	52.4%	49.3 - 55.5
Gender
Male	55.6	51.5 - 59.6	1	1	0.006
Female	49.6	46.1 - 53.1	0.96	0.93 - 0.99	0.006
Age range (years)
20-29	64.5	59.4 - 69.6	1	1	< 0.001
30-39	53.3	48.5 - 58.1	0.93	0.89 - 0.97
40-49	46	40.9 - 51.2	0.88	0.85 - 0.92
50-59	43.8	38.0 - 49.7	0.87	0.84 - 0.91
60-65	48.4	41.6 - 55.2	0.9	0.86 - 0.95
Marital status
Married	48.2	48.1 - 55.4	1	1	< 0.001
Unmarried	59.2	36.8 - 44.7	1.07	1.04 - 1.10	< 0.001
Schooling (in years)
0-4	24.8	20.4 - 29.2	1	1	< 0.001
5-8	40.9	35.7 - 46.2	1.12	1.07 - 1.19
9-11	54.1	50.8 - 57.4	1.23	1.19 - 1.29
12 or more	78	72.5 - 83.4	1.43	1.36 - 1.49
Income (in minimum wages)
1 MW or less	44.3	51.0 - 60.3	1	1	< 0.001
> 1 to 5 MW	50.7	45.9 - 52.8	1.04	1.00 - 1.08
> 5 to 10 MW	64.3	28.0 - 43.3	1.14	1.07 - 1.20
> 10 MW	72.7	15.6 - 39.0	1.2	1.11 - 1.29
Neighborhood safety
Yes	56.4	52.1 - 60.7	1	1	< 0.001
No	47.7	44.4 - 51.0	0.94	0.91 - 0.98	< 0.001
Proximity to recreation area
No	53.9	49.6 - 58.2	1	1	0.38
Yes	51.8	48.1 - 55.5	0.99	0.96 - 1.02	0.38

Variables	> 180 min (%)	95%CI	PR (crude)	95%CI	p
Self-reported morbidities
Hypertension
No	54.1	50.7 - 57.4	1	1	< 0.001
Yes	45	40.2 - 49.8	0.94	0.91 - 0.97	< 0.001
Diabetes
No	52.7	49.5 - 55.9	1	1	0.24
Yes	47.8	39.6 - 56.0	0.97	0.92 - 1.02	0.24
Depression, anxiety
No	51.7	48.6 - 54.9	1	1	0.19
Yes	55.8	49.6 - 62.1	1.03	0.99 - 1.07	0.19
Back pain
No	54.5	51 - 58.1	1	1	0.01
Yes	48.8	44.5 - 53.0	0.96	0.94 - 0.99	0.01
Self-rated health
Positive	53.6	50.3 - 57.0	1	1	0.09
Negative	49.3	44.5 - 54.1	0.97	0.94 - 1.00	0.09
Physical activity level
Insufficiently active	57.9	52.6 - 63.2	1	1	0.02
Physically active	51.5	48.2 - 54.8	0.96	0.93 - 0.99	0.02

Variables	PR (crude)*	95%CI	p	PR (adjusted)**	95%CI	p
Gender			0.006			0.02
Male	1	1		1	1
Female	0.96	0.93 - 0.99		0.96	0.94 - 0.99	0.02
Age range			< 0.001			0.002
20-29	1	1		1	1
30-39	0.93	0.89 - 0.97		0.94	0.90 - 0.98	0.002
40-49	0.88	0.85 - 0.92		0.92	0.89 - 0.96	< 0.001
50-59	0.87	0.84 - 0.91		0.91	0.87 - 0.95	< 0.001
60-65	0.9	0.86 - 0.95		0.96	0.91 - 1.00	0.07
Marital status			< 0.001			< 0.001
Married	1	1		1	1
Unmarried	1.07	1.04 - 1.10		1.05	1.02 - 1.08	0.001
Schooling			< 0.001			< 0.001
0-4 years	1	1		1	1	0.45
5-8 years	1.12	1.07 - 1.19		1.13	1.07 - 1.19	0.28
9-11 years	1.23	1.19 - 1.29		1.22	1.16 - 1.27	0.03
12 years or more	1.43	1.36 - 1.49		1.41	1.35 - 1.48	< 0.001
Income			< 0.001			0.008
1 MW or less	1	1		1	1
> 1 to 5 MW	1.04	1.00 - 1.08		1.02	0.99 - 1.05	0.22
> 5 to 10 MW	1.14	1.07 - 1.20		1.06	1.00 - 1.12	0.03
> 10 MW	1.2	1.11 - 1.29		1.07	1.00 - 1.15	0.06
Neighborhood safety			< 0.001			< 0.001
Yes	1	1		1	1
No	0.94	0.91 - 0.98		0.96	0.93 - 0.99	0.01
Self-rated health			0.09			0.01
Positive	1	1		1	1
Negative	0.97	0.94 - 1.00		1.03	1.01 - 1.07	0.01

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[1] Corresponding author: Betânia Morais Cavalcanti Rocha. Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 555, CEP: 04317-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: betania.morais@hotmail.com