Influence of Physical and Chemical Components on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Ten Brazilian Wood Species

Duarte, Bárbara Branquinho; Lahr, Francisco Antonio Rocco; Curvelo, Antonio Aprigio da Silva; Christoforo, André Luis

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2019-0325

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Articles • Mat. Res. 23 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2019-0325 copy

Influence of Physical and Chemical Components on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Ten Brazilian Wood Species

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Wood offers a good combination of high strength and low density, but its complete characterization takes a long time. This study aimed to correlate apparent density, chemical component and porosity parameters with the physical and mechanical properties of the wood as an alternative route to reduce the time spent proposing equations to estimate each mechanical property. Ten tropical wood species were characterized in accordance with Brazilian Standards and chemical components were determined by the Klason method, and the porosity using mercury intrusion. Multivariate regression models were applied to the results of each species to find the relationships. Good results were obtained, such as the coefficient of determination and the analysis of variance, which indicated that the equations for 10 out of the 16 properties are significant. Therefore, the apparent density, chemical component and porosity parameters used reduce the time intervals much lower than the time test stipulated by the standard.

Keywords
: Physical and mechanical properties; density; porosity; cellulose; hemicellulose; lignin; ash

Common Name	Scientific name	Sample Image
Tatajuba	Bagasse guianensis
Roxinho	Peltogyne recifencis
Cambará	Erisma uncinatum
Cedroarana	Cedrelinga catenaeformis
Cumaru	Dipteryx odorata
Cupiúba	Goupia glaba
Caixeta	Simarouba versicolor
Cedro	Cedrela fissilis
Sucupira	Diplotropis purpúrea
Cajueiro	Anacardium sp.

Property	Abbreviations
Apparent density	ρ_ap
Total radial retraction	TRR
Total tangential retraction	TTR
Compressive strength parallel to fibers	f_c0
Resistance to normal fiber compression	f_c90
Tensile strength parallel to fibers	f_t0
Resistance to normal fiber traction	f_t90
Shear strength parallel to fibers	f_v0
Cracking resistance	f_s0
Conventional resistance in the static bending test	f_M
Modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to fibers	E_c0
Modulus of elasticity in normal fiber compression	E_c90
Modulus of longitudinal elasticity in traction parallel to fibers	E_t0
Conventional modulus of elasticity in the static bending test	E_M
Hardness parallel to fibers	f_H0
Normal fiber hardness	f_H90
Tenacity	W

Y=α₀+α₁∙He+α₂∙Cel+α₃∙IL+α₄∙SL+α₅∙Ash+α₆∙Ext+α₇∙Por+α₈∙ρ_ap	R² (%)	F
TRR = 1.00423 – 0.0598497∙He + 0.161199∙Cel + 0.211325∙IL + 0.219873∙SL + 0.54172∙Ash + 0.0585386∙Ext – 10.3552∙Por – 7.89255∙ρ_ap	55.70	NS
TTR = –13.8972 – 0.17602∙He + 0.573686∙Cel + 0.489992∙IL + 1.0962∙SL + 0.434925∙Ash + 0.178019∙Ext – 19.693∙Por – 16.0401∙ρ_ap	86.64	NS
f_c0 = –151.933 + 1.24366∙He + 1.66847∙Cel + 1.42686∙IL - 4.5862∙SL – 3.30513∙Ash – 2.15895∙Ext + 25.1747∙Por + 106.525∙ρ_ap	99.69	S
f_t0 = -120.557 + 7.80428∙He + 0.653391∙Cel – 3.2484∙IL – 25.9725∙SL + 4.64536∙Ash + 2.29757∙Ext + 103.628∙Por + 155.129∙ρ_ap	91.94	S
f_t90 = 14.3938 + 0.0987351∙He – 0.200044∙Cel – 0.14628∙IL – 0.61742∙SL – 2.80478∙Ash – 0.154106∙Ext + 3.02166∙Por + 3.68862∙ρ_ap	70.31	NS
f_v0 = 45.0526 + 0.603093∙He - 0.946233∙Cel – 0.658137∙IL – 1.37026∙SL – 10.977∙Ash – 0.398132∙Ext + 21.459∙Por + 30.3891∙ρ_ap	96.97	S
f_s0 = 0.270621 + 0.0205575∙He – 0.00059906∙Cel – 0.007045∙IL – 0.139357∙SL – 0.394968∙Ash - 0.0264954∙Ext + 0.200725∙Por + 1.08872∙ρ_ap	87.99	S
f_M = – 674.814 + 1.34682∙He + 12.2643∙Cel + 6.38663∙IL – 25.2675∙SL + 70.657∙Ash + 4.15845∙Ext – 174.338∙Por + 42.228∙ρ_ap	98.99	S
E_c0 = – 45131.9 + 787.744∙He + 431.099∙Cel + 205.938∙IL – 1500.98∙SL + 6479.37∙Ash – 103.257∙Ext + 2396.52∙Por + 26327.9∙ρ_ap	99.28	S
E_t0 = – 29114.8 + 299.478∙He + 365.822∙Cel + 72.7035∙IL – 1222.82∙SL + 3475.32∙Ash – 210.424∙Ext + 5030.14∙Por + 25366.9∙ρ_ap	99.75	S
E_M = – 48886.3 + 83.9516∙He + 781.078∙Cel + 225.201∙IL – 1100.24∙SL + 6694.12∙Ash + 149.961∙Ext – 2691.52∙Por + 24469.8∙ρ_ap	99.52	S
f_H0 = –105.501 + 0.289965∙He + 3.02692∙Cel + 1.14436∙IL –8.96208∙SL – 18.4164∙Ash – 1.04555∙Ext – 71.7444∙Por + 107.66∙ρ_ap	95.22	NS
f_H90 = –472.083 – 1.25237∙He + 9.12182∙Cel + 4.57334∙IL – 17.4205∙SL + 30.7517∙Ash + 2.20399∙Ext – 140.339∙Por + 71.3795∙ρ_ap	97.85	NS
W = – 126.674 + 4.894∙He – 0.254245∙Cel + 1.89813∙IL – 5.37704∙SL – 20.5034∙Ash + 0.855499∙Ext + 36.6718∙Por – 10.2846∙ρ_ap	99.89	NS
f_c90 = 4.48889 – 0.490513∙He + 0.0743078∙Cel – 0.172129∙IL + 0.112121∙SL +2.21648∙Ash + 0.0408142∙Ext – 3.29173∙Por + 23.712∙ρ_ap	97.87	S
E_c90 = – 1424.82 + 14.22∙He + 12.4742∙Cel + 6.53891∙IL – 72.6691∙SL – 107.596∙Ash + 10.8421∙Ext + 468.118∙Por + 1345.81∙ρ_ap	99.89	S

Properties	Intervals of confiance
He (%)	[12.54; 18.14]
Cel (%)	[38.85; 50.82]
IL (%)	[31.63; 43.63]
SL (%)	[0.24; 1.85]
Ci (%)	[0.24; 0.86]
Ext (%)	[6.17; 13.04]
Por	[0.30; 0.73]
ρ_ap (g/cm³)	[0,41; 1,10]

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