The role of auditory temporal cues in the fluency of stuttering adults

Furini, Juliana; Picoloto, Luana Altran; Marconato, Eduarda; Bohnen, Anelise Junqueira; Cardoso, Ana Claudia Vieira; Oliveira, Cristiane Moço Canhetti de

doi:10.1590/1982-021620171954417

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 19 (5) • Sept 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620171954417 copy

The role of auditory temporal cues in the fluency of stuttering adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to compare the frequency of disfluencies and speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading in adults with and without stuttering in non-altered and delayed auditory feedback (NAF, DAF).

Methods:

participants were 30 adults: 15 with Stuttering (Research Group - RG), and 15 without stuttering (Control Group - CG). The procedures were: audiological assessment and speech fluency evaluation in two listening conditions, normal and delayed auditory feedback (100 milliseconds delayed by Fono Tools software).

Results:

the DAF caused a significant improvement in the fluency of spontaneous speech in RG when compared to speech under NAF. The effect of DAF was different in CG, because it increased the common disfluencies and the total of disfluencies in spontaneous speech and reading, besides showing an increase in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies in reading. The intergroup analysis showed significant differences in the two speech tasks for the two listening conditions in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies and in the total of disfluencies, and in the flows of syllable and word-per-minute in the NAF.

Conclusion:

the results demonstrated that delayed auditory feedback promoted fluency in spontaneous speech of adults who stutter, without interfering in the speech rate. In non-stuttering adults an increase occurred in the number of common disfluencies and total of disfluencies as well as reduction of speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading.

Keywords:
Speech; Stuttering; Feedback; Hearing; Evaluation

Adults	Age	Gender	Familial history	Onset of Stuttering	% Stuttering-Like Disfluencies	SSI-3 Score	Stuttering severity
RG 01	21	M	Yes	4	8.5	30	Moderate
RG 02	27	M	Yes	7	4.5	26	Mild
RG 03	47	M	Yes	6	3.0	20	Mild
RG 04	23	F	No	3	4.5	23	Mild
RG 05	21	M	Yes	2	6.5	23	Mild
RG 06	42	F	Yes	4	8.0	31	Moderate
RG 07	18	M	Yes	4	10.5	35	Severe
RG 08	19	F	Yes	3	9.0	34	Severe
RG 09	32	M	Yes	8	7.0	24	Mild
RG 10	20	M	Yes	3	9.0	31	Moderate
RG 11	24	M	Yes	3	4.0	18	Mild
RG 12	18	M	Yes	4	9.5	28	Moderate
RG 13	36	M	Yes	3	6.5	22	Mild
RG 14	46	M	Yes	2	12.5	32	Severe
RG 15	37	M	No	6	4.5	18	Mild
Mean	28.73			4.13	7.17	26.33
SD	10.41			1.80	2.72	5.67
CG 01	21	M	No		0.5
CG 02	28	M	No		0
CG 03	46	M	No		1.0
CG 04	23	F	No		0
CG 05	21	M	No		0.5
CG 06	41	F	No		1.0
CG 07	18	M	No		0
CG 08	19	F	No		0
CG 09	32	M	No		1.0
CG 10	21	M	No		0
CG 11	24	M	No		0
CG 12	18	M	No		1.0
CG 13	35	M	No		0
CG 14	46	M	No		1.0
CG 15	36	M	No		0
Mean	28.06				0.40
SD	10.03				0.47

Variables		RG (N=15)				CG (N=15)				P value
Variables		Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	P value
Stuttering-Like Disfluencies	NAF	7.17	2.72	3.00	12.50	0.40	0.47	0.00	1.00	< 0.001*
Stuttering-Like Disfluencies	DAF	5.20	3.61	1.50	12.00	0.53	0.77	0.00	2.00	< 0.001*
P value		0.041*				0.587
Common Disfluencies	NAF	9.80	3.69	4.00	17.00	7.67	2.34	4.50	12.50	0.077
Common Disfluencies	DAF	10.70	3.41	5.50	16.00	11.17	4.47	4.50	17.50	0.633
P value		0.513				0.006*
Speech discontinuity	NAF	16.97	4.16	10.50	26.50	8.07	2.39	4.50	12.50	< 0.001*
Speech discontinuity	DAF	15.90	5.27	8.00	24.50	11.70	4.66	4.50	17.50	0.044*
P value		0.712				0.008*
Syllables per minute	NAF	186.95	35.74	127.65	240.00	233.38	34.15	179.10	292.68	0.001*
Syllables per minute	DAF	179.27	41.22	114.28	272.74	203.38	40.14	116.00	260.86	0.067
P Value		0.463				0.016*
Words per minute	NAF	104.36	19.39	77.23	142.35	125.28	22.02	91.00	164.00	0.014*
Words per minute	DAF	100.46	22.45	60.00	140.45	108.27	22.59	62.33	154.46	0.309
P value		0.394				0.020*

Variables		RG (N=15)				CG (N=15)				P value
Variables		Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	P value
Stuttering-Like Disfluencies	NAF	3.67	4.48	0.00	16.50	0.13	0.23	0.00	0.50	< 0.001*
Stuttering-Like Disfluencies	DAF	3.30	3.68	0.00	10.00	0.53	0.55	0.00	2.00	< 0.021*
P value		0.788				0.013*
Common Disfluencies	NAF	6.43	4.40	0.00	13.50	3.37	1.01	0.00	3.50	< 0.001*
Common Disfluencies	DAF	6.33	3.73	0.50	13.00	2.83	1.69	0.00	7.00	0.004*
P value		0.571				0.002*
Speech discontinuity	NAF	10.10	6.25	1.00	19.50	1.50	1.07	0.00	3.50	< 0.001*
Speech discontinuity	DAF	9.63	6.79	1.00	20.50	3.37	1.73	0.50	8.00	0.004*
P value		0.294				0.001*
Syllables per minute	NAF	217.72	66.40	109.09	352.94	313.97	33.53	260.86	352.94	<0.001*
Syllables per minute	DAF	193.62	57.57	96.00	300.00	255.67	41.81	200.00	333.33	0.004*
P value		0.100				0.002*
Words per minute	NAF	102.17	28.05	57.27	164.11	142.47	15.77	116.08	168.33	<0.001*
Words per minute	DAF	99.95	27.87	49.92	147.00	127.72	21.05	97.00	168.33	0.008*
P value		0.570				0.009*

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E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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[1] Mailing address: Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Vila Universitária, CEP: 17525-000 - Marília, São Paulo, Brasil, E-mail: cmcoliveira@marilia.unesp.br