Quality of life in individuals with tinnitus with and without hearing loss

Rocha, Gregorina Silva Ribeiro; Vargas, Marlizete Maldonado; Gomes, Margarete Zanardo

doi:10.1590/1982-021620171965917

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 19 (6) • Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620171965917 copy

Quality of life in individuals with tinnitus with and without hearing loss

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to evaluate the perception of the level of quality of life in subjects with tinnitus, with and without hearing loss.

Methods:

a cross-sectional quantitative study. A total of 189 subjects (mean age 53.06 years) divided into four groups. Group 1: subjects with normal auditory thresholds without tinnitus complaint; Group 2: subjects with normal auditory thresholds and tinnitus complaint; Group 3: subjects with sensorineural hearing loss without tinnitus complaint; Group 4: subjects with sensorineural hearing loss and with tinnitus complaint. Levels of quality of life were investigated through the World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) website - brief and psycho-emotional and functional aspects of patients with tinnitus through the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Statistical analyzes, comparisons among groups and descriptive analysis were performed, considering a significance level of 5%.

Results:

the overall mean scores of quality of life in group 4 (56.07) were smaller than those of group 1 (64.67) (p<0.05). The subjects with tinnitus complaint presented a moderate level of disturbance of the symptom.

Conclusion:

tinnitus interferes in the quality of life of individuals who had preserved or altered auditory thresholds. Therefore, means to reduce the discomfort caused by tinnitus symptom should be developed, in order to improve patients' quality of life.

Keywords:
Quality of Life; Tinnitus; Hearing; Hearing Disorders

Studied variables	G1	G2	G3	G4	Total
Studied variables	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)
Gender
Female	41(78.8)	40(93.0)	20(60.6)	44(72.1)	145(76.7)
Male	11(21.2)	3(7.0)	13(39.4)	17(27.9)	44(23.3)
Age
20 to 39 years (young)	25(48.1)	17(39.5)	6(18.2)	4(6.6)	52(27.5)
40 to 59 years (adults)	18(34.6)	19(44.2)	15(45.5)	25(41.0)	77(40.7)
> 60 years(elderly)	9(17.3)	7(16.3)	12(36.4)	32(52.5)	60(31.8)
Educational level
Higher education	13(25.0)	10(23.3)	3(9.1)	2(3.3)	28(14.8)
High school	23(44.2)	13(30.2)	13(39.4)	12(19.7)	61(32.3)
Elementary/middle	13(25.0)	18(41.9)	15(45.5)	38(62.3)	84(44.4)
None	3(5.8)	2(4.7)	2(6.1)	9(14.8)	16(8.5)
Family income
Up to 2 minimum wages	33(63.5)	29(67.4)	17(51.5)	42(68.9)	121(64.0)
> 2 a 4 minimum wages	8(15.4)	12(27.9)	14(42.4)	16(26.2)	50(26.5)
> 4 a 10 minimum wages	6(11.5)	2(4.7)	2(6.1)	1(1.6)	11(5.8)
> 10 a 20 minimum wages	3(5.8)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	3(1.6)
Not known	2(3.8)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	2(3.3)	4(2.1)

Domain	Variable: Interaction age X group	Variable: age	Variable: group
Physical health	F6-177=0.63; p=0.7054	F2-177= 0.28; p=0.7555	F3-177= 4.09; p=0.0077
Psychological health	F6-177=1.39; p=0.2197	F2-177=0.79; p=0.4563	F3-177=7.14; p=0.0001
Social relationships	F6-177=1.05; p=0.3930	F2-177= 1.70; p=0.1852	F3-177= 2.26; p=0.0828
Environmental	F6-177=0.93; p=0.4744	F2-177= 2.06; p=0.1306	F3-177= 4.24; p=0.0064
Perception of quality of life	F6-167=1.43; p=0.2058	F2-167=0.93; p=0.3969	F3-167=4.81; p=0.0031
Satisfaction with health	F6-167=1.96; p=0.0734	F2-167=0.37; p=0.6917	F3-167=5.65; p=0.0010
General quality of life	F6-167=0.92; p=0.4821	F2-167=1.16; p=0.3169	F3-167=6.02; p=0.0006

Domain	Variable: Interaction age X group	Variable: age	Variable: group
Emotional	F2-98=0.48; p=0.6191	F2-98= 2.28; p=0.1080	F1-98= 4.29; p=0.0410
Functional	F2-98=0.01; p=0.9907	F2-98= 2.16; p=0.1207	F1-98= 1.25; p=0.2653
Catastrophic	F2-98=0.42; p=0.6604	F2-98= 1.18; p=0.3105	F1-98= 0.24; p=0.6262

Domain in THI	G2				G4
Domain in THI	Mean	Min	Max	SD	Mean	Min	Max	SD
Functional	16.79	0.0	40.0	12.58	18.65	0.0	44.0	12.61
Emotional	12.69	0.0	36.0	10.08	16.29	0.0	36.0	11.09
Catastrophic	8.65	0.0	20.0	38.13	8.91	0.0	20.0	6.05
THI Total	38.13	0.0	96.0	26.25	43.86	0.0	100.0	26.82
Level of impairment in the quality of life	MILD				MILD

Frequency range/tone	Right ear	Left ear
Frequency range/tone	n (%)	n (%)
Low (125 to 750Hz)	16 (25.0)	16 (22.8)
Medium (1000 to 3000Hz)	13 (20.3)	11 (15.8)
High (4000 to 8000Hz)	35 (54.7)	43 (61.4)
Total	64 (100.0)	70 (100.0)

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E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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[1] Mailing address: Gregorina Silva Ribeiro Rocha, Instituto de Pesquisa e Tecnologia - ITP, Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300 - Farolândia, CEP: 49032-490 - Aracaju, Sergie, Brasil, E-mail: gregorinarocha@gmail.com