Facial trauma and background level: a study on the population’s perspective

Martins, Natália de Castro e Silva; Branco, Mirella Pereira Castelo; Pessoa, Luciane Spinelli de Figueirêdo; Alves, Giorvan Ânderson dos Santos; Studart-Pereira, Luciana Moraes

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/20202223319

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 22 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20202223319 copy

Facial trauma and background level: a study on the population’s perspective

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to verify the population’s understanding on facial trauma, according to their level of schooling.

Methods:

an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative, documentary study conducted, based on 852 interviews carried out in two Brazilian state capitals. The association between the levels of schooling and varied knowledge of facial trauma was investigated. The data were analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, with a margin of error of 5%.

Results:

there was a statistically significant association between the participants’ schooling and their understanding on the consequences of trauma in: functions (p = 0.001), mouth mobility (p = 0.005), and dental issues (p = 0.003). In the most affected population, schooling was also associated with youth (p = 0.001) and adults (p = 0.044). Regarding causes, there was association with falls (p = 0.034) and traffic accidents (p = 0.034). There was association with bikers (p = 0.016) and motorcyclists (p = 0.001) as the population with greater propensity. Schooling was associated with all the professionals. Concerning the consequences to the victim’s life, there was association also with general health (p = 0.049), household chores (p = 0.001), and social life (p = 0.001). Recklessness was the only cause with an association (p = 0.004). Schooling was associated with previous knowledge of trauma (p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

their understanding on the consequences of trauma, most affected population, main causes, professionals involved in the treatment, repercussion for people’s lives, and previous knowledge of the subject increased along with the levels of background.

Keywords:
Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences; Maxillofacial Trauma; Public Health; Educational Status; Accidents, Traffic

Variable	Population interviewed		P-value
Variable	N	%	P-value
Total	852	100.0
Gender			p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
Males	394	46.2
Females	458	53.8
Age group (years)			p_⁽¹⁾ <0.001*
10 to 19	238	27.9
20 to 39	351	41.2
40 to 59	181	21.2
60 or over	82	9.6
Schooling			p_⁽¹⁾ <0.001*
No study/incomplete middle school	113	13.3
Middle school	254	29.8
High school	338	39.7
Higher education	147	17.3

Variable	Schooling								Total group		P-value
	No study and incomplete middle school		Middle school		High school		Higher education		Total group
	N	%	n	%	N	%	N	%	n	%
Total	113	100.0	254	100.0	338	100.0	147	100.0	852	100.0
q5
Function	79	69.9	191	75.2	268	79.3	132	89.8	670	78.6	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
Mouth/face mobility	77	68.1	200	78.7	267	79.0	127	86.4	671	78.8	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.005*
Dental issues	66	58.4	147	57.9	216	63.9	111	75.5	540	63.4	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.003*
Pain/Sensibility	81	71.7	210	82.7	265	78.4	121	82.3	677	79.5	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.080
q6
Children	25	22.1	67	26.4	87	25.7	49	33.3	228	26.8	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.197
Youth	17	15.0	42	16.5	84	24.9	47	32.0	190	22.3	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
Adults	25	22.1	56	22.0	105	31.1	34	23.1	220	25.8	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.044*
Older adults	66	58.4	137	53.9	196	58.0	80	54.4	479	56.2	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.710
q7
Fight	30	26.5	66	26.0	87	25.7	53	36.1	236	27.7	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.101
Domestic accident	16	14.2	43	16.9	76	22.5	37	25.2	172	20.2	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.055
Practice of sports	21	18.6	38	15.0	62	18.3	33	22.4	154	18.1	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.308
Fall	27	23.9	84	33.1	128	37.9	57	38.8	296	34.7	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.034*
Traffic accident	75	66.4	181	71.3	241	71.3	120	81.6	617	72.4	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.034*
q8
Pedestrian	44	38.9	88	34.6	131	38.8	62	42.2	325	38.1	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.491
Big vehicle driver	6	5.3	19	7.5	37	10.9	14	9.5	76	8.9	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.237
Biker	31	27.4	69	27.2	119	35.2	60	40.8	279	32.7	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.016*
Motorcyclist	47	41.6	140	55.1	220	65.1	105	71.4	512	60.1	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
Small vehicle driver	11	9.7	28	11.0	49	14.5	24	16.3	112	13.1	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.262
q9
Physician	68	60.2	143	56.3	221	65.4	110	74.8	542	63.6	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.002*
Physiotherapist	58	51.3	159	62.6	230	68.0	109	74.1	556	65.3	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
Psychologist	24	21.2	61	24.0	93	27.5	52	35.4	230	27.0	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.040*
Dentist	34	30.1	76	29.9	142	42.0	79	53.7	331	38.8	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
Speech-language-hearing therapist	27	23.9	92	36.2	157	46.4	102	69.4	378	44.4	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
Nurse	24	21.2	43	16.9	79	23.4	50	34.0	196	23.0	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.001*
q10
No problems	2	1.8	3	1.2	0	0.0	2	1.4	7	0.8	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.174
Days	3	2.7	14	5.5	15	4.4	14	9.5	46	5.4	p_⁽²⁾ =0.066
Months	33	29.2	71	28.0	95	28.1	44	29.9	243	28.5	p_⁽²⁾ =0.971
Years	78	69.0	181	71.3	249	73.7	108	73.5	616	72.3	p_⁽²⁾ =0.763
q11
General health	60	53.1	117	46.1	189	55.9	86	58.5	452	53.1	p_⁽²⁾ =0.049*
Emotional	53	46.9	133	52.4	215	63.6	108	73.5	509	59.7	p_⁽²⁾ =0.001*
Household chores	29	25.7	46	18.1	60	17.8	42	28.6	177	20.8	p_⁽²⁾ =0.018*
Work	46	40.7	107	42.1	159	47.0	75	51.0	387	45.4	p_⁽²⁾ =0.227
Social and/or personal life	43	38.1	119	46.9	184	54.4	102	69.4	448	52.6	p_⁽²⁾ =0.001*
q12
Lack of traffic signs	21	18.6	48	18.9	59	17.5	27	18.4	155	18.2	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.974
Lack of safety equipment	48	42.5	108	42.5	164	48.5	81	55.1	401	47.1	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.067
Lack of instruction	26	23.0	45	17.7	55	16.3	23	15.6	149	17.5	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.378
Recklessness	84	74.3	193	76.0	276	81.7	131	89.1	684	80.3	p_⁽¹⁾ =0.004*

Variable	Schooling								Total group		P-value
	No study/incomplete middle school		Middle school		High school		Higher education		Total group
	n	%	n	%	N	%	N	%	n	%
Total	113	100.0	254	100.0	338	100.0	147	100.0	852	100.0
q13
Yes	15	13.3	50	19.7	104	30.8	65	44.2	234	27.5	0.001*
Newspapers/Magazines	0	0.0	15	30.0	41	39.4	21	32.3	77	32.9	0.023*
Internet/Social Media	3	20.0	16	32.0	28	26.9	16	24.6	63	26.9	0.754
Friends/Relatives	6	40.0	18	36.0	39	37.5	13	20.0	76	32.5	0.090
Television	6	40.0	19	38.0	44	42.3	18	27.7	87	37.2	0.291
Health Professionals	3	20.0	5	10.0	24	23.1	25	38.5	57	24.4	0.005*
q4											0.001*
No	88	77.9	183	72.0	201	59.5	60	40.8	532	62.4
Yes	25	22.1	71	28.0	137	40.5	87	59.2	320	37.6
q14											0.538
No	16	14.2	21	8.3	42	12.4	19	12.9	98	11.5
Yes	86	76.1	205	80.7	265	78.4	117	79.6	673	79.0
I do not know	11	9.7	28	11.0	31	9.2	11	7.5	81	9.5
q15											0.287
No	2	1.8	3	1.2	9	2.7	2	1.4	16	1.9
Yes	111	98.2	250	98.4	326	96.4	141	95.9	828	97.2
I do not know	0	0.0	1	0.4	3	0.9	4	2.7	8	0.9

ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial Rua Uruguaiana, 516, Cep 13026-001 Campinas SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 19 3254-0342 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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[1] Corresponding address: Luciana Moraes Studart-Pereira, Avenida Professor Artur de Sá, 267 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 52171-011 - Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, E-mail: luciana.studart@uol.com.br