Prevalence and risk factors for scrotal lesions/anomalies
               in a cohort of Brazilian men ≥ 40 years of age

Romero, Frederico Ramalho; Romero, Antonio Wilson; Almeida, Rui Manuel de Sousa Sequeira Antunes de; Oliveira Júnior, Fernando Cesar de; Tambara Filho, Renato

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1322495

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Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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Brasil

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Sumário

Original Article • Sao Paulo Med. J. 132 (02) • 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1322495 copy

Prevalence and risk factors for scrotal lesions/anomalies in a cohort of Brazilian men ≥ 40 years of age

Prevalência e fatores de risco de lesões escrotais em uma população de brasileiros com idade ≥ 40 anos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for cutaneous lesions of the scrotum and intrascrotal lesions/anomalies among men included in a prostatic cancer screening program in a Brazilian metropolitan city.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Cross-sectional study, private outpatient healthcare service.

METHODS:

1731 men aged 40 years or over, participating in a prostate cancer screening program conducted by the municipal public employees' healthcare system, underwent systematic urological assessment by a single examiner.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of scrotal diseases in our sample was 44.7% (773/1731). Tinea cruris occurred in 203 (11.7%) of the participants, with higher risk among diabetics and lower prevalence among nonwhite individuals; scrotal tinea in eight (0.5%), with higher risk among hypertensive men; subcutaneous nodules in 12 (0.7%), especially in individuals with low schooling level; hydrocele in 283 (16.4%), with higher frequency among participants over the age of 60 years, diabetics or individuals with previous histories of nonspecific urethritis; spermatoceles in 174 (10.1%), with greater prevalence among individuals over the age of 60 years or diabetics, and lower frequency among individuals who underwent vasectomy; unilateral testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in 167 (9.7%) and bilateral hypotrophy/atrophy in 93 (5.4%), both occurring more frequently in individuals over the age of 60 years; absence of palpable testicles due to cryptorchidism in 7 (0.4%); and epididymitis/orchitis in 5 (0.3%), with higher prevalence among diabetics. No cases of cancer were identified in this sample.

CONCLUSIONS:

Scrotal diseases were highly prevalent in this population of Brazilian men.

Epidemiology; Etiology [subheading]; Prevalence; Risk factors; Genital diseases, male

Characteristic	Number	Percentage (%)
Age
< 60 years	1352	78.1
≥ 60 years	379	21.9
Total	1731	100.0
Schooling level
Elementary school or lower	647	37.4
High school or higher	937	54.1
Missing data	147	8.5
Skin color
White	643	37.1
Nonwhite (black or brown)	588	34.0
Missing data	500	28.9
Arterial hypertension
Yes	595	34.4
No	1133	65.4
Missing data	3	0.2
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	180	10.4
No	1548	89.4
Missing data	3	0.2
Past history of nonspecific urethritis
Yes	497	28.7
No	1012	58.5
Missing data	222	12.8
Past history of vasectomy
Yes	210	12.1
No	1518	87.7
Missing data	3	0.2

	Age: ≥ 60 vs. < 60; RR; 95% CI	Schooling level: elementary school vs. high school or higher; RR; 95% CI	Skin color: nonwhite vs. white; RR; 95% CI	Diabetes: yes vs. no; RR; 95% CI	Arterial hypertension: yes vs. no; RR; 95% CI	History of nonspecific urethritis; yes vs. no; RR; 95% CI	Vasectomy: yes vs. no; RR; 95% CI
Tinea cruris	13.2 vs. 11.3 1.16 0.86-1.57	11.7 vs. 11.6 1.01 0.77-1.33	9.5 vs. 14.0 (*) 0.68 0.50-0.93	17.2 vs. 11.1 (*) 1.55 1.09-2.20	13.5 vs. 10.9 1.24 0.95-1.61	13.3 vs. 11.1 1.20 0.91-1.60	11.0 vs. 11.9 0.92 0.61-1.39
Scrotal tinea	0.5 vs. 0.4 1.19 0.24-5.87	0.3 vs. 0.4 0.72 0.13-3.94	0.2 vs. 0.3 0.55 0.05-6.01	1.1 vs. 0.4 2.87 0.58-14.10	1.0 vs. 0.2 (*) 5.71 1.16-28.22	0.2 vs. 0.5 0.41 0.05-3.48	0.0 vs. 0.5 0.00 0.00-NaN
Subcutaneous nodules	0.8 vs. 0.7 1.19 0.32-4.37	1.4 vs. 0.3 (*) 4.34 1.18-15.99	1.2 vs. 0.8 1.53 0.49-4.80	0.6 vs. 0.7 0.78 0.10-6.02	0.7 vs. 0.7 0.95 0.29-3.15	0.2 vs. 1.1 (*) 0.19 0.02-1.43	0.5 vs. 0.7 0.66 0.09-5.06
Hydrocele	24.5 vs. 14.1 (*) 1.74 1.40-2.17	17.7 vs. 15.7 1.13 0.91-1.41	15.3 vs. 16.2 0.95 0.73-1.23	33.0 vs. 16.5 (*) 2.01 1.62-2.49	18.3 vs. 15.3 1.19 0.96-1.48	19.9 vs. 14.8 (*) 1.35 1.07-1.69	12.9 vs. 16.8 0.77 0.53-1.11
Spermatocele	15.0 vs. 8.8 (*) 1.70 1.27-2.29	11.3 vs. 9.8 1.15 0.86-1.53	10.2 vs. 9.0 1.13 0.80-1.59	16.1 vs. 9.4 (*) 1.71 1.19-2.47	11.9 vs. 9.2 1.30 0.98-1.73	11.1 vs. 9.6 1.16 0.85-1.58	5.7 vs. 10.7 (*) 0.77 0.53-1.11
Unilateral testicular hypotrophy/atrophy	14.2 vs. 9.1 (*) 1.57 1.15-2.14	10.7 vs. 9.6 1.12 0.82-1.52	8.8 vs. 12.2 0.72 0.51-1.02	11.3 vs. 10.1 1.12 0.71-1.76	10.3 vs. 10.2 1.01 0.75-1.37	11.5 vs. 9.5 1.21 0.88-1.66	9.3 vs. 10.3 0.90 0.57-1.41
Bilateral testicular hypotrophy/atrophy	8.5 vs. 5.3 (*) 1.62 1.06-2.48	6.7 vs. 5.5 1.21 0.81-1.83	5.9 vs. 6.2 0.97 0.61-1.54	7.5 vs. 5.8 1.29 0.72-2.31	5.8 vs. 6.1 0.95 0.63-1.45	6.3 vs. 6.1 1.04 0.67-1.61	2.6 vs. 6.4 (*) 0.41 0.17-0.99
Epididymitis/orchitis	0.5 vs. 0.2 2.38 0.40-14.18	0.0 vs. 0.3 0.00 0.00-NaN	0.0 vs. 0.5 0.00 0.00-NaN	1.7 vs. 0.1 (*) 12.90 2.17-76.69	0.3 vs. 0.3 1.27 0.21-7.58	0.4 vs. 0.2 2.04 0.29-14.41	0.5 vs. 0.3 1.81 0.20-16.09
Cryptorchidism	0.5 vs. 0.4 1.43 0.28-7.33	0.6 vs. 0.2 2.90 0.53-15.77	0.7 vs. 0.3 2.19 0.40-11.90	0.0 vs. 0.5 0.00 0.00-NaN	0.5 vs. 0.4 1.43 0.32-6.36	0.4 vs. 0.5 0.81 0.16-4.18	0.5 vs. 0.4 1.20 0.15-9.96

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