Bariatric surgery as a treatment for pseudotumor cerebri: case study and narrative review of the literature

Cirurgia bariátrica como tratamento para pseudotumor cerebri: estudo de caso e revisão narrativa de literatura

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT:

Pseudotumor cerebri occurs when there is an increase in intracranial pressure without an underlying cause, usually leading to loss of vision. It is most commonly observed in obese women of child-bearing age.

CASE REPORT:

A 46-year-old woman presented at our service with idiopathic intracranial hypertension that had been diagnosed two years earlier, which had led to chronic refractory headache and an estimated 30% loss of visual acuity, associated with bilateral papilledema. She presented partial improvement of the headache with acetazolamide, but the visual loss persisted. Her intracranial pressure was 34 cmH₂O. She presented a body mass index of 39.5 kg/m², also associated with high blood pressure. Computed tomography of the cranium with endovenous contrast did not show any abnormalities. She underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with uneventful postoperative evolution. One month following surgery, she presented a 24% excess weight loss. An ophthalmological examination revealed absence of visual loss and remission of the papilledema. There were no new episodes of headache following the surgery. There was also complete resolution of high blood pressure. The intracranial pressure decreased to 24 cmH₂O, six months after the surgery.

CONCLUSION:

Although the condition is usually associated with obesity, there are few reports of bariatric surgery among individuals with pseudotumor cerebri. In cases studied previously, there was high prevalence of resolution or improvement of the disease following bariatric surgery. There is no consensus regarding which technique is preferable. Thus, further research is necessary in order to establish a specific algorithm.

KEY WORDS:
Pseudotumor cerebri.; Obesity.; Bariatric surgery.; Gastric bypass.; Intracranial hypertension.