Typology of dairy production systems that meet Brazilian standards for milk quality

Defante, Leslié; Damasceno, Julio Cesar; Bánkuti, Ferenc Istvan; Ramos, Carlos Eduardo Crispim de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/rbz4820180023

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Animal Production Systems and Agribusiness • R. Bras. Zootec. 48 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180023 copy

Typology of dairy production systems that meet Brazilian standards for milk quality

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

We aimed to compare the typology of dairy production systems (DPS) that meet Brazilian quality standards with that of non-compliant DPS. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied in 128 DPS located in Santa Izabel do Oeste, Paraná, Brazil (25°49'16" S and 53°29'04" W). In addition, milk quality reports of each DPS were analyzed. Dairy production systems were segregated into two groups: G1 – DPS that were in accordance with Brazilian regulations on milk quality, and G2 – DPS that did not comply with Brazilian regulations. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on structural, production, and technical variables. Two factors were defined: F1 – production scale and bargaining power, and F2 – autonomy and production control. Groups 1 and 2 were evaluated according to their structural, production, and technical characteristics as well as their F1 and F2 values. A small fraction (6.25%) of DPS met the minimum quality standards for milk. Dairy production systems that comply with quality regulations have larger production scale, higher productivity, and greater autonomy and control of milk production. Consequently, they have better bargaining power with the industry for the marketing of milk.

Keywords:
agricultural systems; dairy cattle; milk composition; somatic cell count

Variable¹ 1 1 to 18 - Structural, technical, and production variables of dairy production systems; 19 and 20 - social variables of rural producers.	Category	Type
1. Total farm area (ha)	Absolute value	Numerical
2. Production area (ha)	Absolute value	Numerical
3. Individual animal records	1 - Not used; 2 - Only for lactating cows; 3 - All animals have individual records	Categorical
4. Management of milk productivity per cow	1 - Not performed; 2 - Monthly control; 3 - Daily control	Categorical
5. Dairy cows (n)	Absolute value	Numerical
6. Lactating cows (n)	Absolute value	Numerical
7. Milk productivity (L day⁻¹)	Absolute value	Numerical
8. Milk productivity per cow (L day⁻¹ cow⁻¹)	Absolute value	Numerical
9. Pre-and post-milking teat disinfection	1 - Not performed; 2 - Pre-milking disinfection only; 3 - Post-milking disinfection only; 4 - Pre- and post-milking teat disinfection is performed	Categorical
10. Frequency of milk quality testing	1 - Milk quality is not tested; 2 - Milk quality is tested a few times a year; 3 - Milk quality is tested monthly	Categorical
11. Milk supply agreements	1 - No; 2 - Yes, we have signed an agreement to improve milk quality and productivity	Categorical
12. Management of revenues and expenses	1 - Not performed; 2 - Revenue management only; 3 - Expense management only; 4 - We manage both revenues and expenses	Categorical
13. Financial incentives to increase milk productivity and quality	1 - No; 2 - Yes	Categorical
14. Other incentives to improve milk quality	1 - No; 2 - Yes	Categorical
15. Facilities for worker welfare	1 - No; 2 - Inadequate facilities; 3- Adequate facilities	Categorical
16. Facilities for animal welfare	1 - No; 2 - Yes	Categorical
17. Access of animals to shade	1 - No; 2 - Some plots offer shade; 3 - All plots offer shade	Categorical
18. Milking room and milk cooler	1 - No; 2 - Yes, but cold water is used for cooling milk; 3 - Yes, a milk cooler is used	Categorical
19. Years in the dairy business	Absolute value	Numerical
20. Age of the business proprietor	Absolute value	Numerical

Group	N	%	SCC	SPC
G1 (compliant)	8	6.25	367.66	176.79
G2 (non-compliant)	120	93.75	652.57	2,515.08

Variable	Group¹ 1 G1: compliant dairy production systems; G2: non-compliant dairy production systems.	Mean	SD
Total farm area (ha)	G1	10.062	5.882
Total farm area (ha)	G2	11.286	10.415
Production area (ha)	G1	7.812	4.628
Production area (ha)	G2	7.831	6.317
Dairy cows (n)² 2 Means followed by different letters differ significantly at P<0.06.	G1	29.000a	18.024
	G2	20.980b	11.827
Lactating cows (n)³ 3 Means followed by different letters differ significantly at P<0.05.	G1	17.500a	11.551
	G2	11.510b	5.748
Milk productivity (L day⁻¹)⁴ 4 Means within a variable followed by different letters differ significantly at P<0.07.	G1	298.000a	311.216
	G2	137.680b	134.255
Milk productivity per cow (L day⁻¹ cow⁻¹)⁴ 4 Means within a variable followed by different letters differ significantly at P<0.07.	G1	13.750a	6.719
	G2	10.620b	4.191

Factor¹ 1 F1: production scale and bargaining power; F2: autonomy and production control.	Total	% of variance	Cumulative %
F1	8.134	36.971	36.971
F2	3.319	15.085	52.056

Variable	Factor¹ 1 F1: production scale and bargaining power; F2: autonomy and production control.
Variable	F1	F2
1. Total farm area (ha)	0.305	0.617^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
2. Production area (ha)	0.433	0.598^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
3. Individual animal records	0.355	0.574^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
4. Management of milk productivity per cow	0.579^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.346
5. Dairy cows (n)	0.667^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.388
6. Lactating cows (n)	0.730^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.498
7. Milk productivity (L day⁻¹)	0.910^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.308
8. Milk productivity per cow (L day⁻¹ cow⁻¹)	0.779^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.348
9. Pre- and post-milking teat disinfection	0.268	0.599^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
10. Frequency of milk quality testing	0.785^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.038
11. Milk supply agreements	0.589^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.141
12. Management of revenues and expenses	0.219	0.640^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
13. Financial incentives to increase milk productivity and quality	0.851^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.152
14. Other incentives to improve milk quality	0.748^* * Factor loadings >0.5.	0.042
15. Facilities for worker welfare	0.326	0.655^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
16. Facilities for animal welfare	0.009	0.613^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
17. Access of animals to shade	−0.015	0.577^* * Factor loadings >0.5.
18. Milking room and milk cooler	0.101	0.649^* * Factor loadings >0.5.

Group	Mean factor loading¹ 1 F1: Production scale and bargaining power; F2: autonomy and production control.
Group	F1	F2
G1 (Compliant)	0.8745	0.1652
G2 (Non-compliant)	−0.0583	−0.0110

Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Viçosa / Departamento de Zootecnia, 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brazil, Tel.: +55 31 3612-4602, +55 31 3612-4612 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rbz@sbz.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Corresponding author: fibankuti@uem.br