Multivariate analysis using morphometric and ultrasound information for selection of tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) breeders

Oliveira, Sheila Nogueira de; Ribeiro, Ricardo Pereira; Oliveira, Carlos Antonio Lopes de; Lopera-Barrero, Nelson Mauricio; Borquis, Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta; Zardin, Aline Mayra da Silva Oliveira; Souza, Felipe Pinheiro de; Poveda-Parra, Angela Rocio

doi:10.1590/rbz4820170179

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Aquaculture • R. Bras. Zootec. 48 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820170179 copy

Multivariate analysis using morphometric and ultrasound information for selection of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) breeders

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated morphometric and ultrasound information of tilapia (O. niloticus) breeders through multivariate analysis. We applied correlation, clustering, and principal component analysis to a dataset composed of information from 222 male and female breeders of the improved GIFT strain. The body weight, objective of the breeding program, showed a high positive correlation with most of the morphometric parameters. The formation of clusters indicated characteristics responsible for muscle composition and carcass weight. Some characteristics showed a high correlation, such as body weight and fillet weight (0.98 and 0.94 for females and males, respectively), and a high contribution to the explanation of data variability; of the total characteristics evaluated for females, two explained 75% data variability and four explained 72% for males. We concluded that it is possible to reduce the number of characteristics measured, as well as use information of average daily weight gain and body weight to select female and male breeders, respectively, to drive genetic gains favoring more productive generations.

Keywords:
aquaculture; breeding; fish farming; Oreochromis sp.; phenotypic selection

Variable	Abbreviation	Description
Body weight (g)	BW	Measurement on an analytical balance
Standard length (cm)	SL	From the anterior end of the head to the beginning of the caudal fin insertion
Total length (cm)	TL	From the anterior end of the head to the end of the caudal fin
Height 1 (cm)	H1	Front height of the first ray of the dorsal fin
Width 1 (cm)	W1	Measured from the front of the first ray of the dorsal fin
Head size (cm)	HS	Measured between the anterior end of the head and the caudal border of the operculum
Height 2 (cm)	H2	Height between the final insertion of the anal and dorsal fins
Width 2 (cm)	W2	Width between the final insertion of the anal and dorsal fins
Ultrasound height 1 (mm)	UH1	Left side area of the base of the insertion of the pelvic fin to the anterior base of the dorsal fin
Ultrasound width 1 (mm)	UW1	Width from the base of the insertion of the pelvic fin to the anterior base of the dorsal fin
Ultrasound area 1 (mm²)	UA1	Height from the base of the insertion of the pelvic fin to the anterior base of the dorsal fin
Ultrasound height 2 (mm)	UH2	Left side area between the final insertion of the anal and dorsal fins
Ultrasound width 2 (mm)	UW2	Width between the final insertion of the anal and dorsal fins
Ultrasound area 2 (mm²)	UA2	Height between the final insertion of the anal and dorsal fins
Fillet weight (g)	FW	Final fillet weight, after filleting procedure; measured on an analytical balance
Fillet yield (%)	FY	Ratio between fillet weight and fish weight
Average daily gain (g)	ADG	Rate of weight gain per day (final body weight/age)

Variable	Females			Males
Variable	Mean	Min - max	SD	Mean	Min - max	SD
Body weight (g)	761.0	668 - 1,245	196.45	1551	894 - 1,875	281.61
Standard length (cm)	27.49	24.7 - 36.5	1.84	33.47	28 - 38	1.91
Total length (cm)	34.35	31 - 42.9	2.09	42.21	36 - 47	2.19
Height 1 (cm)	10.34	7.2 - 15.7	1.00	13.41	8.10 - 16.30	1.31
Width 1 (cm)	4.53	3.4 - 5.4	0.22	5.07	5 - 7	0.22
Head size (cm)	8.99	7.1 - 11.2	0.61	10.69	7.2 - 12	0.83
Height 2 (cm)	3.70	3.7 - 6.8	0.38	5.03	4.7 - 7	0.41
Width 2 (cm)	1.73	1.1 - 2.7	0.19	2.22	1.3 - 3.6	0.19
Ultrasound area 1 (mm²)	20.47	18 - 26	1.59	25.73	22 - 32	1.59
Ultrasound width 1 (mm)	30.75	28 - 39	2.88	40.45	32 - 52	2.88
Ultrasound height 1 (mm)	66.48	62 - 81	3.47	63.53	60 - 81	3.47
Ultrasound area 2 (mm²)	14.55	11 - 18	1.30	18.89	18 - 26	1.30
Ultrasound width 2 (mm)	38.70	31 - 49	4.03	50.25	32 - 60	4.03
Ultrasound height 2 (mm)	37.38	31 - 46	2.36	37.36	33 - 62	2.36
Fillet weight (g)	257.10	189 - 481	72.15	543.40	290 - 870	113.35
Fillet yield (%)	33.15	0.28 - 0.38	1.26	34.93	0.32 - 0.47	2.70
Average daily gain (g)	1.57	1.04 - 3.19	0.38	3.53	2.09 - 4.76	0.56

PC	Females				Males
PC	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
BW	0.29	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.31	0.05	−0.07	0.10
SL	0.28	−0.08	0.06	−0.06	0.28	0.07	−0.29	0.10
H1	0.27	−0.08	−0.08	0.05	0.28	0.11	−0.12	0.12
W1	0.20	−0.21	−0.18	−0.57	0.19	0.18	−0.24	−0.39
HS	0.24	0.08	0.16	−0.09	0.27	−0.08	−0.13	−0.21
H2	0.20	−0.21	−0.28	−0.19	0.23	0.27	0.06	0.02
W2	0.27	−0.10	0.01	0.12	0.25	0.03	−0.20	0.08
UA1	0.27	0.13	−0.13	−0.13	0.25	−0.28	−0.25	−0.06
UW1	0.27	0.24	−0.17	−0.02	0.28	−0.17	0.26	−0.09
UH1	−0.06	−0.59	0.49	0.20	0.11	0.51	0.06	0.21
UA2	0.26	0.23	−0.12	−0.23	0.27	−0.25	−0.08	−0.03
UW2	0.27	0.14	−0.20	0.01	0.28	−0.19	0.10	−0.15
UH2	−0.08	−0.55	0.49	−0.36	0.06	0.52	0.26	−0.26
TL	0.27	0.03	−0.17	0.07	0.28	−0.03	−0.26	0.10
FW	0.29	−0.02	−0.12	−0.09	0.30	−0.16	0.15	0.11
FY	0.13	−0.29	−0.48	−0.60	0.01	−0.32	0.68	0.01
ADG	0.29	0.09	0.07	0.03	0.18	0.01	−0.00	0.77
ƛ	3.35	1.26	1.06	0.99	2.79	1.59	1.02	0.96
VCP	0.66	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.46	0.15	0.06	0.05
VCPA	0.66	0.75	0.82	0.87	0.46	0.61	0.67	0.72

	BW	SL	H1	W1	HS	H2	W2	UA1	UW1	UH1	UA2	UH2	UW2	TL	FW	FY	ADG
BW	1	0.94	0.84	0.63	0.73	0.65	0.89	0.87	0.91	−0.25	0.83	0.87	−0.28	0.90	0.98	0.41	0.99
SL	0.84	1	0.83	0.64	0.74	0.55	0.86	0.82	0.77	−0.11	0.81	0.79	−0.16	0.94	0.91	0.34	0.92
H1	0.49	0.39	1	0.59	0.88	0.54	0.80	0.79	0.75	−0.10	0.79	0.80	−0.22	0.84	0.82	0.41	0.83
W1	0.53	0.38	0.21	1	0.56	0.48	0.60	0.63	0.53	0.06	0.72	0.59	0.04	0.54	0.59	0.03	0.60
HS	0.49	0.47	0.28	0.24	1	0.32	0.73	0.67	0.65	−0.12	0.62	0.65	−0.21	0.81	0.72	0.35	0.70
H2	0.67	0.56	0.40	0.38	0.37	1	0.53	0.58	0.72	−0.36	0.60	0.65	−0.24	0.50	0.64	0.31	0.69
W2	0.48	0.38	0.24	0.32	0.26	0.36	1	0.87	0.80	−0.09	0.76	0.77	−0.21	0.87	0.89	0.49	0.86
UA1	0.72	0.53	0.38	0.52	0.27	0.45	0.37	1	0.81	0.10	0.79	0.84	−0.28	0.78	0.87	0.47	0.83
UW1	0.58	0.43	0.40	0.22	0.38	0.51	0.28	0.48	1	−0.50	0.73	0.84	−0.36	0.76	0.89	0.38	0.91
UH1	0.03	0.01	−0.08	0.24	−0.15	−0.11	0.05	0.41	−0.59	1	−0.05	−0.15	0.18	−0.16	−0.22	0.05	−0.31
UA2	0.66	0.54	0.30	0.46	0.27	0.38	0.36	0.63	0.38	0.15	1	0.79	0.09	0.68	0.82	0.42	0.82
UH2	0.55	0.38	0.37	0.30	0.36	0.45	0.21	0.35	0.56	−0.29	0.49	1	−0.53	0.77	0.83	0.26	0.87
UW2	0.22	0.26	0.00	0.22	0.01	0.03	0.21	0.37	−0.09	0.45	0.56	−0.40	1	−0.34	−0.22	0.14	−0.29
TL	0.75	0.81	0.37	0.35	0.40	0.65	0.30	0.47	0.39	0.01	0.43	0.36	0.16	1	0.86	0.30	0.88
FW	0.94	0.78	0.44	0.49	0.41	0.62	0.46	0.74	0.51	0.12	0.70	0.48	0.31	0.63	1	0.55	0.97
FY	0.32	0.25	0.06	0.15	−0.03	0.22	0.19	0.41	0.09	0.27	0.47	0.08	0.42	0.17	0.60	1	0.39
ADG	0.93	0.79	0.46	0.47	0.43	0.60	0.39	0.53	0.53	0.05	0.50	0.50	0.23	0.71	0.89	0.35	1

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E-mail: rbz@sbz.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: sheilanoliveira@ufgd.edu.br