Stereotypy (management) |
Video content: A child exhibits stereotyped movements while watching a musical cartoon; the mother tries to promote social interaction with other children to curtail these movements. |
Video content: During a therapy session, a child does not look at the presented stimulus, but looks at his hand while performing stereotypic movements with it. |
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Question about the video: How is the child encouraged to engage in social interaction and how can stereotyped movements be reduced? |
Question about the video: How can the therapist correctly manage the patient to reduce stereotyped movements? |
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Correct answer: Wait for the video to finish, turn off the computer, and then talk to the child. |
Correct answer: Redirect the behavior by offering the child something to hold. |
Sensory hypo-/hypersensitivity |
Video content: A child rubs his elbow uninterruptedly during a therapy session. |
Video content: A child exhibits hand-to-mouth behavior during a therapy session, which ultimately provokes vomiting. |
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Question about the video: Knowing that this child would rub his arm until it bleeds and would not complain of pain, what would you do? |
Question about the video: Knowing that this child would not remove his hand from his mouth until he vomited, what would you do? |
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Correct answer: I would divert attention from this behavior by providing something to do with his hands. |
Correct answer: I would divert attention from this behavior by providing something to do with his hands. |
Self-harm |
Video content: A child in bed in the dark (probably at bedtime) self-harms by banging his head against the wall while crying. |
Video content: A child appears sitting at the table on an adult’s lap while attempting to bang his head against the adult and the table. |
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Question about the video: What should be done to stop self-harm? |
Question about the video: What should be done to stop self-harm? |
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Correct answer: I would hold the child, protecting the head, and try to divert his attention. |
Correct answer: I would hold the child, protecting the head, and try to divert his attention. |
Early signs of autism spectrum disorder |
Video content: A child, approximately 1 ½ years old, is playing with blocks while her mother insistently calls to her. The child shows no reaction or attempt to communicate. |
Video content: A child, approximately 1 year old, is playing with a toy that emits sound and light. Her mother insistently calls to her, but the child shows no reaction or attempt to communicate. |
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Question about the video: Is this an early sign of autism in this child? |
Question about the video: Is this an early sign of autism in this child? |
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Correct answer: The child does not share attention while playing. |
Correct answer: The child does not share attention while playing. |
Stereotypy (trigger) |
Video content: A child, seated at a table, exhibits stereotypic movements involving his hands and mouth. |
Video content: A child, lying on the floor, seemingly idle, exhibits stereotypic behaviors involving his hands and mouth. |
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Question about the video: What possible factors are associated with this behavior? |
Question about the video: What possible factors are associated with this behavior? |
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Correct answer: Being idle, lack of targeted activity. |
Correct answer: Being idle, lack of targeted activity. |
Auditory sensory hyperactivity |
Video content: A child under evaluation covers his ears when the evaluator speaks louder. |
Video content: A child in the subway with his parents covers his ears to dampen the sound from an approaching train. |
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Question about the video: You may notice that this child has auditory hypersensitivity. What can therapists do to lessen this sensitivity? |
Question about the video: You may notice that this child has auditory hypersensitivity. What can therapists do to lessen this sensitivity? |
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Correct answer: Apply techniques so that the child gradually becomes accustomed to noise, begins to anticipate it, and is less bothered by it. |
Correct answer: Apply techniques so that the child gradually becomes accustomed to noise, begins to anticipate it, and is less bothered by it |
Echolalia |
Video content: A child playing Pop-up Pirate with a therapist in his office exhibits echolalic behavior, repeating the therapist’s phrases several times. |
Video content: A child is in a car with her mother and begins to verbalize random words. The mother initiates a dialogue based on the child’s speech. |
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Question about the video: If you were the therapist, what would you do about the child’s echolalia? |
Question about the video: What correct attitude did the mother display regarding her child’s echolalia? |
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Correct answer: I would provide context for the child’s speech, initiating a dialogue. |
Correct answer: She provided context for the child’s speech, initiating a dialogue. |
Tantrum 1 |
Video content: A child stands next to the door of a therapist’s office, crying and throwing a tantrum, desperate to leave the room. |
Video content: A child is in a car with his mother and sister and begins a tantrum that involves screaming, crying, and kicking the front seat because he wants something that is not there. The mother tries to calm him down by talking to him. |
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Question about the video: The boy threw a tantrum because he did not want to stay in the therapy room. He cried for more than 20 minutes. He stopped crying for a few moments during the episode. What could the therapist have done at this point? |
Question about the video: In what way did the mother incorrectly handle the tantrum? |
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Correct answer: The therapist could have presented an interesting toy or proposed a different activity. |
Correct answer: Talking to him while he’s screaming. |
Functional play |
Video content: A boy, approximately 7 years old, is playing on the floor with toy cars, analyzing them and spinning their wheels. |
Video content: A boy, approximately 7 years old, is playing with a pogo stick. His play consists of leaning on the handles and moving his body stereotypically. |
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Question about the video: How would you rate this child’s play? |
Question about the video: How would you rate this child’s play? |
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Correct answer: He does not use the toy in a functional way and seems interested only in parts of the toy. |
Correct answer: He does not use the toy functionally, but in a stereotyped way. |
Early signs 2 |
Video content: An infant, less than 1 year old, is lying on the floor, exhibiting stereotypic movements with his hands and feet. The mother calls to him several times, but he does not look at her. |
Video content: An infant, around 1 year old, is sitting in a feeding chair, playing with a spoon and a small bottle. The mother calls to him several times and touches him, but he does not look at her. |
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Question about the video: Which two signs of autism does this child exhibit? |
Question about the video: Which two signs of autism does this child exhibit? |
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Correct answer: Lack of shared attention and stereotypy. |
Correct answer: Lack of shared attention and unresponsiveness when called. |
Tantrum – self-harm |
Video content: A boy, around 14 years old, apparently did something wrong and tries to apologize to his father. The father continually reaffirms that the boy has done something wrong. The boy begins to beat himself and the father is passive about this behavior. |
Video content: A boy, around 6 years old, is at the mall with his parents and does not want to leave. He exhibits tantrum behavior, crying, throwing himself on the floor and hitting anyone who tries to speak with him. |
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Question about the video: The child verbalizes repentance for his inappropriate behavior, but as his father speaks, this transforms into increasing self-aggression. Which of the attitudes displayed by the father would you consider appropriate for managing the self-harm behaviors of children in similar situations? |
Question about the video: This child does not want to leave the mall, so he throws a tantrum. What could have been done? |
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Correct answer: Neither alternative is correct. |
Correct answer: Visualization strategies could have been used; combining activities at the mall and on the way home could have made the entire experience pleasurable for the child. |
Aggressiveness |
Video content: A child in a car on the way to school begins crying and shouting that he does not want to go. At one point, he attacks an adult. |
Video content: A child in a therapy session throws a tantrum, crying and attempting to strike and bite the therapist. |
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Question about the video: This child does not want to go to school; he would rather go to the park and, thus, throws a tantrum. What could have been done? |
Question about the video: What management is appropriate for this situation? |
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Correct answer: On the way to school, parents should provide pleasurable activities for their children, distracting them until they arrive at school. |
Correct answer: Hold the child without speaking to him. When he calms down, redirect him to another activity. |
Stereotypy (avoidance) |
Video content: A child under evaluation exhibits stereotypic behavior, placing his hand in his mouth. The evaluator asks the child to remove his hand from his mouth. |
Video content: A child in a therapist’s office exhibits stereotypic behavior by placing his hand in his mouth. The therapist says: “putting your hand in your mouth is nasty.” |
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Question about the video: What improper attitude does the evaluator display? |
Question about the video: What improper attitude does the evaluator display? |
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Correct answer: Asking him to remove his hand from his mouth. |
Correct answer: Reinforcing stereotyped behavior. |