Effects of Non-phytate Phosphorus and 1a-Hydroxycholecalciferol on Growth Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chickens

Han, JC; Ma, K; Wang, JG; Chen, GH; Zhang, JL; Qu, HX; Yan, YF; Cheng, YH

doi:10.1590/1516-635X1704503-510

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Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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Articles • Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. 17 (4) • Oct-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635X1704503-510 copy

Effects of Non-phytate Phosphorus and 1a-Hydroxycholecalciferol on Growth Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chickens

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and 1a-hydroxycholecalciferol (1a-OH-D₃) on the growth performance, bone mineralization, and carcass traits of 1- to 21-day-old broiler chickens. On the day of hatch, 600 male Ross 308 chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to 12 treatments, with five cages of 10 birds each. A 6 × 2 factorial arrangement was applied, consisting of 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, or 0.45% NPP and 0 or 5 μg/kg of 1a-OH-D₃. The basal diet contained 0.52% calcium (Ca) and was not supplemented with vitamin D₃. Dietary NPP levels significantly affected growth performance and tibia mineralization (except width) of broilers; by contrast, meat yield and organ relative weight were not influenced by NPP. The inclusion of 1a-OH-D₃ improved growth performance, tibia mineralization, and carcass and breast yield, whereas it decreased the relative weights of the liver, heart, and kidney. A significant interaction between NPP and 1a-OH-D₃ was observed for body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), mortality, serum Ca and P levels, tibia breaking-strength, ash weight, and Ca content, as well as breast yield and heart relative weight. These results suggest that broilers fed with 5 μg of 1a-OH-D₃ per kg of diet obtain optimal growth performance and tibia mineralization when dietary NPP level was 0.30% and the analyzed Ca to NPP ratio was 1.97.

Keywords:
Non-phytate phosphorus; 1a-hydroxycholecalciferol; growth; bone; broiler chicken

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[1] Mail Address Corresponding author e-mail address Han JC Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, China; Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, I-Lan, Taiwan. Email: j.c.han@hotmail.com; yanyf01@sina.com; yhcheng@niu.edu.tw

Ingredient (%)	Diet 1	Diet 2	Diet 3	Diet 4	Diet 5	Diet 6
Corn	60.78	60.55	60.30	60.06	59.83	59.60
Soybean meal (43% CP)	32.00	32.00	32.00	32.00	32.00	32.00
Soybean oil	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
Swine lard	0.08	0.16	0.25	0.34	0.42	0.50
Soy protein concentrate	3.41	3.44	3.47	3.50	3.53	3.56
Limestone	0.90	0.72	0.54	0.36	0.18	0.00
Dicalcium phosphate	0.42	0.72	1.03	1.33	1.63	1.93
L-Lysine·HCl	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14
DL-Methionine	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14
Trace mineral premix¹	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Vitamin premix²	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
Choline chloride (50%)	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Sodium chloride	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Nutrient composition
AME (kcal/kg)	2975	2975	2975	2975	2975	2975
Analyzed crude protein (%)	21.24	21.65	21.09	21.44	21.81	21.43
Analyzed calcium (%)	0.56	0.56	0.59	0.58	0.59	0.56
Analyzed total phosphorus (%)	0.40	0.46	0.51	0.56	0.60	0.65
Non-phytate phosphorus (%)	0.20	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.40	0.45

NPP (%)	1a-OH-D₃(µg/kg)	BS²(N)	Weight (g)	Length (cm)	Width (cm)	Ash (g)	Ash (%)	Ca²(%)	P²(%)
0.20	0	12.94 ^e	0.60 ^d	4.12 ^d	0.43 ^cd	0.16 ^d	25.67 ^e	7.95 ^d	4.65 ^e
0.25	0	18.32 ^e	0.66 ^d	4.20 ^cd	0.48 ^abcd	0.19 ^d	28.21 ^de	8.86 ^cd	5.18 ^de
0.30	0	22.58 ^e	0.77 ^d	4.70 ^b	0.43 ^d	0.22 ^d	28.55 ^cde	9.45^cd	5.27 ^de
0.35	0	23.02 ^e	0.67 ^d	4.52 ^bcd	0.45 ^bcd	0.22 ^d	32.71 ^c	11.46 ^b	5.88 ^d
0.40	0	23.15 ^e	0.77 ^d	4.58 ^bc	0.45 ^bcd	0.24 ^d	30.61 ^cd	10.42 ^bc	5.75 ^d
0.45	0	20.98 ^e	0.70 ^d	4.55 ^bc	0.43 ^cd	0.23 ^d	32.15 ^cd	11.49 ^b	5.99 ^d
0.20	5	71.10 ^d	1.21 ^c	6.04 ^a	0.55 ^a	0.58 ^c	46.95 ^b	17.46 ^a	8.62 ^c
0.25	5	84.40 ^c	1.32 ^bc	6.26 ^a	0.53 ^abc	0.63 ^bc	47.87 ^ab	17.43 ^a	8.87 ^bc
0.30	5	103.97 ^a	1.56 ^a	6.40 ^a	0.56 ^a	0.77 ^a	49.18 ^ab	17.91 ^a	9.20 ^abc
0.35	5	97.27 ^ab	1.40 ^abc	6.26 ^a	0.54 ^ab	0.73 ^ab	51.71 ^a	18.81 ^a	9.78 ^a
0.40	5	90.45 ^bc	1.40 ^abc	6.31 ^a	0.53 ^abc	0.70 ^ab	49.89 ^ab	18.22 ^a	9.38 ^abc
0.45	5	100.08 ^ab	1.44 ^ab	6.31 ^a	0.55 ^a	0.74 ^a	51.27 ^ab	18.44 ^a	9.56 ^ab
SEM²	4.86	0.05	0.12	0.01	0.03	1.34	0.55	0.26
P-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Source of variance				<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
NPP		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.971	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
1a-OH-D₃		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
0.228	0.276	0.431	0.035	0.776	0.005	0.771

NPP (%)	1a-OH-D₃(µg/kg)	Carcass (%)	Breast (%)	Leg quarter (%)	Liver (%)	Heart (%)	Kidney (%)
0.20	0	64.92 ^c	8.82 ^e	18.23	4.00 ^a	1.26 ^a	0.82
0.25	0	67.54 ^c	10.86 ^de	17.87	3.46 ^ab	1.07 ^ab	0.65
0.30	0	67.08 ^c	12.63 ^cde	19.33	3.54 ^ab	0.82 ^b	0.75
0.35	0	67.43 ^c	12.88 ^bcde	19.50	3.31 ^ab	0.92 ^ab	0.66
0.40	0	67.77 ^bc	12.66 ^cde	19.41	3.38 ^ab	0.97 ^ab	0.59
0.45	0	66.36 ^c	11.54 ^de	19.89	3.59 ^ab	1.06 ^ab	0.67
0.20	5	71.35 ^a	17.59 ^a	18.52	2.90 ^b	0.73 ^b	0.65
0.25	5	71.16 ^ab	17.02 ^ab	17.99	2.98 ^ab	0.73 ^b	0.66
0.30	5	71.28 ^a	15.11 ^abcd	19.72	2.83 ^b	0.85 ^b	0.52
0.35	5	72.17 ^a	16.91 ^abc	20.67	2.75 ^b	0.79 ^b	0.55
0.40	5	71.20 ^a	14.86 ^abcd	21.21	3.23 ^ab	0.90 ^b	0.56
0.45	5	72.33 ^a	14.55 ^abcd	19.26	2.73 ^b	0.84 ^b	0.54
SEM³	0.37	0.41	0.32	0.08	0.03	0.02
P-value	<0.001	<0.001	0.629	0.002	<0.001	0.118
Source of variance
NPP		0.276	0.387	0.249	0.524	0.277	0.270
1a-OH-D₃		<0.001	<0.001	0.433	<0.001	<0.001	0.009
NPP × 1a-OH-D₃		0.194	0.004	0.922	0.353	0.007	0.549