Pirarucu By-Product Acid Silage Meal in Diets for Commercial Laying Hens

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of pirarucu by-product acid silage meal in diets for laying hens on performance and egg quality. One hundred sixty eight Hissex White laying hens 73-wk-old were distributed in completely randomized design with seven treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) and four replicates of six birds each. The experiment lasted 84 days divided into four periods of 21 days. Estimates of pirarucu by-product meal levels were determined by polynomial regression. Differences (p<0.05) were observed in all variables of performance, in egg weight, yolk height and yolk pigmentation, with pirarucu by-product meal inclusion in diets showed better results than control diet. The pirarucu by-product acid silage meal can be used as alternative food in diets for commercial laying hens. Up to the 2.5% inclusion level there wasn’t negative effect in performance and egg quality.

Keywords:
Alternative food; egg quality; fish by-product; flavor; performance

Authorship

OS Batalha

Graduate Program of Agriculture in Humid Tropics, National Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.National Institute of Amazonian ResearchesBrazilManaus, AM, Brazil Graduate Program of Agriculture in Humid Tropics, National Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.

SS Alfaia

National Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.National Institute of Amazonian ResearchesBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilNational Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.

FGG Cruz

Department of Animal and Plant Production, College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.Federal University of AmazonasBrazilManaus, Amazonas, BrazilDepartment of Animal and Plant Production, College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

RS Jesus

National Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.National Institute of Amazonian ResearchesBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilNational Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.

JPF Rufino

Graduate Program of Animal Science, College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.Federal University of AmazonasBrazilManaus, Amazonas, BrazilGraduate Program of Animal Science, College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

AF Silva

Corresponding author e-mail address Oscarina de Souza Batalha Setor de Avicultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Setor Sul do Campus Universitário da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Bairro Coroado I, Manaus, AM, Brasil - 69077-000. Tel: (92) 991221957 Email: oscarinabatalha@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

National Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.National Institute of Amazonian ResearchesBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilNational Institute of Amazonian Researches, Manaus, AM, Brazil.

Tables

Tables (4)

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Table 1
Chemical composition of pirarucu by-product acid silage meal.

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Table 2
Diets composition containing pirarucu by-product acid silage meal (PBASM).

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Table 3
Feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), egg mass (EM) and feed conversion (FC, kg/kg e kg/dz) of commercial laying hens fed diets containing pirarucu by-product acid silage meal.

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Table 4
Egg weight (EW), albumen percentage (PERA), yolk percentage (PERY), shell percentage (PERS), albumen height (AH), yolk height (YH), shell thickness (ST), specific gravity (SG), Haugh unit (HU) and yolk pigmentation (YP) of eggs from commercial laying hens fed diets containing pirarucu by-product acid silage meal.

Table 1 Chemical composition of pirarucu by-product acid silage meal.

Chemical composition	Pirarucu by-product acid silage meal*
Dry matter, %	84.16±0.08
Crude protein, %	40.05±0.83
Ether extract, %	26.81±0.13
Mineral matter, %	9.31±0.22
Total carbohydrates, %	7.99±0.74
Calcium, g/kg	65.16±1.49
Phosphorus, g/kg	22.90±2.30
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg	3,253.01^**

*Averages withdrawal of three replicates ±standard deviation.
**Determined by the method for apparent metabolizable energy calculation according to Rostagno et al. (2011Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Donzele JL, Gomes PC, Oliveira RF, Lopes DC, et al. Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos:composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2011.).

Table 2 Diets composition containing pirarucu by-product acid silage meal (PBASM).

Ingredients	Pirarucu by-product acid silage meal levels
Ingredients	0.0%	0.5%	1.0%	1.5%	2.0%	2.5%	3.0%
Corn (7.88%)	62.255	62.170	62.087	62.005	61.922	61.839	61.756
Soybean meal (46%)	25.871	25.527	25.173	24.819	24.466	24.112	23.758
PBASM	0.000	0.500	1.000	1.500	2.000	2.500	3.000
Limestone	9.239	9.167	9.095	9.023	8.950	8.878	8.806
Dicalcium phosphate	1.693	1.696	1.700	1.704	1.708	1.712	1.716
Vit. min. supplement ¹	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500
DL-methionine (99%)	0.092	0.089	0.094	0.099	0.104	0.109	0.113
Salt	0.350	0.350	0.350	0.350	0.350	0.350	0.350
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Nutrient	Nutritional levels
M.E., kcal^{- 1}/kg	2,692.6	2,686.8	2,671.3	2,660.8	2,650.2	2,639.7	2,629.2
Crude protein, %	17.000	17.000	17.000	17.000	17.000	17.000	17.000
Methionine + Cystine, %	0.627	0.620	0.620	0.620	0.620	0.620	0.620
Methionine, %	0.360	0.361	0.369	0.378	0.387	0.395	0.404
Calcium, %	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000	4.000
Available phosphorus, %	0.400	0.400	0.400	0.400	0.400	0.400	0.400
Sodium, %	0.156	0.156	0.156	0.156	0.156	0.156	0.156

¹
Guaranteedlevels per kilogramoftheproduct: Vitamin A 2,000,000 IU, Vitamin D3 400,000 IU, Vitamin E 2,400 mg, Vitamin K3 400 mg, Vitamin B1 100 mg, Vitamin B2 760 mg, Vitamin B6 100 mg, Vitamin B12 2,400 mcg, Niacin 5,000 mg, CalciumPantothenate 2,000 mg, Folicacid 50 mg, Coccidiostat 12,000 mg, Choline 50,000 mg, Copper 1,200 mg, Iron 6,000 mg, Manganese 14,000 mg, Zinc 10,000 mg, Iodine 100 mg. Selenium 40 mg. Vehicle q.s.p. 1,000 g.

Table 3 Feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), egg mass (EM) and feed conversion (FC, kg/kg e kg/dz) of commercial laying hens fed diets containing pirarucu by-product acid silage meal.

Variables	Pirarucu by-product acid silage meal levels (%)					P Valor	Effect	CV, %
Variables	0.0	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
FI, g/bird/day	110.42	110.84	110.81	110.52	109.24	109.89	104.78	0.01	Q	0.46
EP, %	89.98	93.90	88.09	83.93	89.53	89.38	66.86	0.01	Q	5.14
EM, g	70.50	69.45	68.98	68.34	68.57	67.66	52.42	0.01	Q	4.43
FC, kg/kg	1.56	1.60	1.62	1.63	1.59	1.58	2.01	0.01	Q	5.06
FC, kg/dz	2.92	2.81	3.00	3.14	2.91	2.93	3.74	0.01	Q	5.63

CV - Coefficient of variation. P Valor - Coefficient of Probability. Q - Quadratic effect.

Table 4 Egg weight (EW), albumen percentage (PERA), yolk percentage (PERY), shell percentage (PERS), albumen height (AH), yolk height (YH), shell thickness (ST), specific gravity (SG), Haugh unit (HU) and yolk pigmentation (YP) of eggs from commercial laying hens fed diets containing pirarucu by-product acid silage meal.

Variables	Pirarucu by-product acid silage meal levels (%)							p Valor	Effect	CV, %
Variables	0.0	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
EW, g	63.85	62.23	61.67	61.21	62.77	63.19	50.01	0.01	Q	4.31
PERA, %	54.59	54.66	56.72	53.69	53.63	56.02	52.91	0.07	ns	3.28
PERY, %	26.42	27.05	27.18	27.88	27.89	27.87	26.85	0.31	ns	3.80
PERS, %	9.43	9.55	9.60	10.01	9.20	9.39	9.73	0.09	ns	3.77
AH, mm	7.73	7.21	7.68	7.86	7.50	7.77	7.49	0.29	ns	5.04
YH, mm	17.72	17.43	18.06	18.77	19.42	18.67	17.59	0.05	Q	5.15
ST, µm	33.77	35.90	35.17	35.35	35.09	35.02	36.26	0.32	ns	4.00
SG, g/mL	1084.92	1102.26	1084.22	1087.11	1083.05	1083.91	1133.54	0.43	ns	3.34
HU	85.55	84.15	86.90	87.63	85.49	86.92	85.87	0.43	ns	2.68
YP	4.79	5.23	5.17	5.36	5.29	5.26	4.73	0.01	Q	5.04

CV - Coefficient of variation. P Valor - Coefficient of Probability. Q - Quadratic effect. ns - non significant.

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Pirarucu By-Product Acid Silage Meal in Diets for Commercial Laying Hens

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[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Oscarina de Souza Batalha Setor de Avicultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Setor Sul do Campus Universitário da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Bairro Coroado I, Manaus, AM, Brasil - 69077-000. Tel: (92) 991221957 Email: oscarinabatalha@gmail.com