ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Flammulinavelutipes stem base (FVS) on growth performance, microbial flora and volatile fatty acids of growing layers under heat stress condition. A total of 72 ISA Brown hens were randomly divided into six treatments: thermoneutral temperature control group (CON), heat stress control group (HS), heat stress antibiotic group (ANT) as positive control and heat stress FVS groups (20, 40 or 60 g/kg FVS). The experimental period had a duration of 28 d (days 84-112). On day 98, daily gain average was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the FVS groups than in the HS group. The number of bands in the FVS groups were higher (p<0.05) than in the HS group on day 98. The microbial similarity between the 60 g/kg FVS group and the HS group were the lowest on day 98. FVS group’s specific bacteria were mainly Coprococcus comes, [Clostridium] papyrosolvens, Butyricicoccuspullicaecorumon day 98. Whereas on day 112, the FVS groups specific bacteria were mainly Parabacteroides distasonis, Coprobacterfastidiosus, Elusimicrobiumminutum. The content of acetic acid and butyric acid were higher (p<0.05) in 20 g/kg FVS group than in the CON group on day 112. In conclusion, FVS can lighten the adverse effect of heat stress by increasing the diversity of intestinal flora in growing layers.
Keywords:
Laying hens; thermal stress; microbial flora; mushroomstembase; short chain fatty acids
1CON=thermoneutraltemperature control group (basal diet,28±1°C), HS=heat stress control group (basal diet, 38±1°C), ANT=antibiotic group (basal diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg flavomycin, 38±1°C ), FVS=FVS group (basal diet supplemented with 20, 40 or 60 g/kg FVS, 38±1°C).2The number presented inside the figure is the stripe number.3a-c=CON group, d-f=HS group, g-i=ANT group, j-l=20 g/kgFVS group, m-o=40 g/kg FVS group, p-r=60 g/kg FVS group.
1CON=thermoneutral temperature control group (basal diet,28±1°C), HS=heat stress control group (basal diet, 38±1°C), ANT=antibiotic group (basal diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg flavomycin, 38±1°C), FVS=FVS group (basal diet supplemented with 20, 40 or 60 g/kg FVS, 38±1 °C).2#1-#3=CON group, #4-#6=HS group, #7-#9=ANT group, #10-#12=20 g/kg FVS group, #13-#15=40 g/kg FVS group, #16-#18=60 g/kg FVS group.
