Association between religiousness and blood donation among Brazilian postgraduate students from health-related areas

Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi; Almeida, Rodrigo Guimarães dos Santos; Braz, Ana Carolina Garcia; Carvalho, Antonio Carlos Duarte de

doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2014.03.012

Edson Zangiacomi Martinez ^**Corresponding author at: Departamento de Medicina Social - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. edson@fmrp.usp.br

Rodrigo Guimarães dos Santos Almeida

Ana Carolina Garcia Braz

Antonio Carlos Duarte de Carvalho

*Corresponding author at: Departamento de Medicina Social - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. edson@fmrp.usp.br

Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

(1) How often do you attend church or other religious meetings? (ORA)

1 – Never; 2 – Once a year or less; 3 – A few times a year; 4 – A few times a month; 5 – Once a week; 6 – More than once/week

(2) How often do you spend time in private religious activities, such as prayer, meditation or Bible study? (NORA)

1 – Rarely or never; 2 – A few times a month; 3 – Once a week; 4 – Two or more times/week; 5 – Daily; 6 – More than once a day

The following section contains 3 statements about religious belief or experience. Please mark the extent to which each statement is true or not true for you.

(3) In my life, I experience the presence of the Divine (i.e., God) – (IR)

1 – Definitely not true; 2 – Tends not to be true; 3 – Unsure; 4 – Tends to be true; 5 – Definitely true of me

(4) My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my whole approach to life – (IR)

1 – Definitely not true; 2 – Tends not to be true; 3 – Unsure; 4 – Tends to be true; 5 – Definitely true of me

(5) I try hard to carry my religion over into all other dealings in life – (IR)

1 – Definitely not true; 2 – Tends not to be true; 3 – Unsure; 4 – Tends to be true; 5 – Definitely true of me

	Total		Gender
	n	%	Women		Men
			n	%	n	%
Age group
22–25 years	53	23.5	39	24.1	14	21.9
26–30 years	109	48.2	81	50.0	28	43.8
31–35 years	38	16.8	25	15.4	13	20.3
36–40 years	15	6.6	10	6.2	5	7.8
41 years old or more	11	4.9	7	4.3	4	6.2

Religion
Catholic	123	54.4	92	56.8	31	48.4
Spiritist	48	21.2	34	21.0	14	21.9
Believes in God but has no religion	19	8.4	11	6.8	8	12.5
Evangelic	12	5.3	12	7.4	0
Atheist	8	3.5	2	1.2	6	9.4
Agnostic	5	2.2	2	1.2	3	4.7
Protestant	5	2.2	4	2.5	1	1.6
Buddhist	4	1.8	3	1.9	1	1.6
Messianic	1	0.4	1	0.6	0
Bahá’í	1	0.4	1	0.6	0

Profession
Nurse	43	19.0	39	24.1	4	6.3
Physician	38	16.8	24	14.8	14	21.9
Nutritionist	27	12.0	26	16.1	1	1.6
Physiotherapist	27	12.0	15	9.3	12	18.8
Pharmaceutical	17	7.5	12	7.4	5	7.8
Biologist	12	5.3	7	4.3	5	7.8
Biomedical	12	5.3	11	6.8	1	1.6
Physical educator	11	4.9	5	3.1	6	9.4
Psychologist	9	4.0	8	4.9	1	1.6
Other	30	13.3	15	9.3	15	23.4

Attitude toward blood donation
Regular donors	53	23.5	35	21.6	18	28.1
Donated only once and intend to return	59	26.1	40	24.7	19	29.7
Intends to become a donor	95	42.0	73	45.1	22	34.4
Non-donors	19	8.4	14	8.6	5	7.8
Total	226	100	162	100	64	100

	Regular donors		Donated only once and intend to return		Intends to become a donor		Non- donors
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Are there blood donors at your home?	34	64	29	49	38	40*	6	32*
Do you have friends who talk to you about the importance of blood donation?	39	74	39	66	72	76	13	68
Have you ever felt obliged or pressured by people to donate blood?	8	15	5	8	15	16	5	26
Do you feel totally free to practice your beliefs and convictions?	49	92	49	83	90	95	16	84
Do you have close friends who disapprove about people's refusal to donate blood?	21	40	16	27	22	23*	7	37
Are most of your close friends blood donors?	25	47	24	41	21	22*	4	21*
Have you ever felt obliged to donate blood when you found out about a person who needed a donation?	21	40	12	20*	27	28	6	32

	P-DUREL scores
	ORA mean (SD)	NORA mean (SD)	IR mean (SD)
Gender
Men	3.22 (1.33)	3.11 (1.82)	10.45 (3.75)
Women	3.89 (1.34)	4.01 (1.50)	12.49 (2.33)

Age group
22–25 years	3.57 (1.56)	3.57 (1.75)	11.57 (3.41)
26–30 years	3.67 (1.30)	3.73 (1.66)	12.07 (2.65)
31–35 years	3.71 (1.37)	3.87 (1.58)	11.47 (3.09)
36–40 years	4.00 (1.31)	4.00 (1.46)	12.40 (2.92)
41 years old or more	4.18 (1.17)	4.09 (1.58)	12.91 (2.81)

Religion
Catholic	3.84 (1.24)	3.99 (1.46)	12.46 (2.00)
Spiritist	4.04 (1.32)	4.10 (1.56)	12.56 (2.26)
Believes in God but has no religion	2.42 (0.84)	2.68 (1.77)	10.32 (3.33)
Atheist or agnostic	1.77 (0.93)	1.00 (0.00)	4.23 (1.24)
Others	4.39 (1.20)	4.17 (1.34)	13.35 (1.92)

Attitude toward blood donation
Regular donors	3.91 (1.42)	4.00 (1.68)	12.25 (3.08)
Donated only once and intend to return	3.54 (1.26)	3.46 (1.70)	11.36 (2.91)
Intends to become a donor	3.80 (1.39)	3.89 (1.57)	12.15 (2.92)
Non-donors	3.11 (1.33)	3.26 (1.63)	11.58 (2.69)

	Coefficient	95% credible interval
Organizational religiousness (ORA)
Intercept	0.216

Gender
Men	Reference
Women	0.492	(0.222–0.760)*

Age group
22–25 years	Reference
26–30 years	0.031	(-0.283–0.329)
31–35 years	0.119	(-0.268–0.501)
36–40 years	0.290	(-0.258–0.855)
41 years old or more	0.504	(-0.138–1.159)

Attitude
Regular donors	Reference
Donated only once and intend to return	-0.253	(-0.610–0.097)
Intends to become a donor	-0.102	(-0.422–0.236)
Non-donors	-0.594	(-1.079–0.102)*

Non-organizational religiousness (NORA)
Intercept	0.163	(-0.319–0.644)

Gender
Men	Reference
Women	0.610	(0.106–0.234)*

Age group
22–25 years	Reference
26–30 years	0.090	(-0.273–0.454)
31–35 years	0.231	(-0.238–0.693)
36–40 years	0.278	(-0.372–0.951)
41 years old or more	0.397	(-0.333–1.152)

Attitude
Regular donors	Reference
Donated only once and intend to return	-0.386	(-0.803–0.031)
Intends to become a donor	-0.135	(-0.533–0.254)
Non-donors	-0.565	(-1.152–0.031)

Intrinsic religiousness (IR)
Intercept	1.115

Gender
Men	Reference
Women	0.678	(0.373–0.976)*

Age group
22–25 years	Reference
26–30 years	0.082	(-0.275–0.432)
31–35 years	-0.115	(-0.554–0.321)
36–40 years	0.302	(-0.335–0.970)
41 years old or more	0.798	(0.015–1.708)*

Attitude
Regular donors	Reference
Donated only once and intend to return	-0.542	(-0.962–0.139)*
Intends to become a donor	-0.248	(-0.648–0.143)
Non-donors	-0.540	(-1.081–0.015)

[1] *Corresponding author at: Departamento de Medicina Social - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. edson@fmrp.usp.br

Brasil

Brasil

Association between religiousness and blood donation among Brazilian postgraduate students from health-related areas

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION: