In this study, we revealed that OA and UA significantly inhibited the expression of most genes related to peptidoglycan biosynthesis in S. mutans UA159. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to introduce the antimicrobial mechanism of OA and UA against S. mutans.
ursolic acid; oleanolic acid; peptidoglycan biosynthesis; Streptococcus mutans UA159
| Genes | Primer names and oligonucleotide sequences (5 – > 3) | Size of amplicon (bp) |
|---|---|---|
| glmU | UA159-glmU-F: TGATCCTTTCGGTTATGGTCGTAT UA159-glmU-R: CGTTCCCGTGTTAATTTCTTTGA |
118 |
| murA | UA159-murA-F1: CCTCCGGGCATAGAAACCTTAG UA159-murA-R1: ATTTTAGATGTGGCTCCTTATGAA |
110 |
| murB | UA159-murB-F1: CGAGATATGCGCTTTGGTT UA159-murB-R1: AACGCTGCATTTCCTGACTG |
121 |
| murC | UA159-murC-F1: GGTAACCATTTTCGAGAGCATAGG UA159-murC-R1: ACACGGATTGGAAAAAGCAGGAA |
140 |
| murC2 | UA159-murC2-F: CAAATGGATCGTTACGGTGAAAT UA159-murC2-R: TTGGCGTTAAAGAGTGGGCTATC |
116 |
| murD | UA159-murD-F: TCAAACGCAGGCAAAGATTATTC UA159-murD-R: TTTCAACATTATGGCTTCCTGGTA |
143 |
| murE | UA159-murE-F1: CGTCCGGCCATGATTTCTACCA UA159-murE-R1: GCTCTCGGGGGTTGTTAGTTTTGA |
81 |
| alr | UA159-alr-F: AGAAGGCGGGAGCGACTG UA159-alr-R: CAATTGACTGATAAGGGTGGTAAA |
116 |
| ddI | UA159- D-Ala-F: AGATGTGGCTTTTTATGATTACGA UA159- D-Ala-R: AAAGTCCACAGCAGCCCAAAGT |
146 |
| murI | UA159-murI-F: AATGGGCCGTAAAAGTGGATAATG UA159-murI-R: TGCCCCAAATTTGTTCCTAT |
147 |
| murF | UA159-murF-F1: GGTGCTGGCAGATATGAAAGAAT UA159-murF-R1: AGTGGTCCAAAAAGAAAAATACGA |
111 |
| bacA | UA159-bacA-F: AACGGCCTTTTTCATTGGTCTG UA159-bacA-R: GTTGCGACTTGCCGACTGG |
114 |
| mraY | UA159-mraY-F: CTTTGCATTTGGGCGTGTTTTA UA159-mraY-R: GAAGCCAAGCCATCAATACCATC |
100 |
| murG | UA159-murG-F: AAGGTGGGTTTGTTTCAGTTCC UA159-murG-R: GCAATTCGGTTAGCCAGTCC |
106 |
| murM | SM159-murM-F: TATTTTTGGCAGTACGGATGGAT SM159-murM-R: ATGGCTGGGACAAACAAGTGA |
131 |
| murN | UA159-murN-F: AAACAAAGAGACTGCCTGCTAAGA UA159-murN-R: AAAACCAATTGCGTGAACTGTC |
123 |
| pbp1a | UA159-pbp1a-F: TTGATGCCGCTGGATTAGATACTG UA159-pbp1a-R: CACTGCTGGCACCATACTTTTGTT |
132 |
| pbp1b | UA159-pbp1b-F: ATGGTGCTTCTCTTGATGATG UA159-pbp1b-R: CAAAGGCGTGATTATTCTGAT |
132 |
| pbp2a | UA159-pbp2a-F: TATGTTGAAGGGTCCGGGTATCTA UA159-pbp2a-R: CGGTTCCCCATTCCCACTTT |
150 |
| pbp2b | UA159-pbp2b-F1: ACCGCGTTGGAACATCTTATCT UA159-pbp2b-R1: TAGTCCCTTTGGCAGTGGTCTTA |
129 |
| pbp2X | UA159-pbp2X-F: AAAGACGGACAAGTGACCTACCAA UA159-pbp2X-R: CCATCTGCGTTTCCAAATAAGTCT |
145 |
| dacA | UA159-dacA-F: GTACCGCCAACTTTTTCAGC UA159-dacA-R: CAGCGCCAGCAATGTCC |
120 |
| 16S rDNA | SM159-16S -F: CACACCGCCCGTCACACCAC SM159-16S -R: CCAGCCGCACCTTCCGATACG |
137 |
