Early childhood education in São Paulo state:conditions of care and profile of childrenI

Fernandes, Fabiana Silva; Domingues, Juliana dos Reis

doi:10.1590/S1517-9702201701155227

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Articles • Educ. Pesqui. 43 (1) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-9702201701155227 copy

Early childhood education in São Paulo state:conditions of care and profile of children^I I-This article is a result of the research Educação Infantil no Estado de São Paulo: perfil e condições de atendimento (Early childhood education São Paulo state: profile and conditions of care), carried out from 2013 to 2015, and funded by Fundação Carlos Chagas. It counted on the participation of researcher Nelson Antonio Simão Gimenes and of statistician Miriam Bizzocchi, both from Fundação Carlos Chagas.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article aims to outline a profile of early childhood education in São Paulo state. It addresses the educational service provided to children aged zero to three years and four to five years, through a research of descriptive and explanatory nature on the coverage of early childhood education and on the socioeconomic profile of children aged zero to three years who attend and do not attend children’s education institutions. To this end, we collected data on São Paulo state from the following databases: IBGE (Demographic Census of 2010), Inep (School Census from 2008 to 2013), Fundação Seade (2012), and the Ministry of Health (Datasus, 2000 a 2012). We analyzed information on day-care centers and pre-schools and on the population age groups corresponding to early childhood education: Zero to three years (age group corresponding to day-care); four to five years (preschool). Findings indicate that, despite the expansion of early childhood education, there is a demand for preschool for seven hundred thousand children, and that less than 40% of the children aged zero to three years are enrolled in institutions of early childhood education. It was also found that children from zero to three years coming from households with a per capita income lower than a minimum wage are the most disadvantaged in terms of access to early childhood education.

Early childhood education; Educational policy; Social and educational inequalities; São Paulo state

	Attendance	%
Not Attending	1,449,442	68.1
Day Care	520,489	24.5
Preschool (nursery school and kindergarten)	158,074	7.4
Total	2,128,004	100.0

	Urban (98%)		Rural (2%)

	N	%	N	%
Public	361.086	66,6	7.477	87,4
Private	181.156	33,4	1.084	12,6
Total	542.242	100	8.561	100

Race Yes, Public		Children Attending or Not Early Childhood Education			Total

		Yes, Private	Not Attending
White	N	285,281	170,366	971,779	1,427,426
White	%	20.0%	11.9%	68.1%	100.0%
Black	N	21,878	4,138	40,989	67,005
Black	%	32.7%	6.2%	61.2%	100.0%
Brown	N	164,549	26,265	425,167	615,981
Brown	%	26.7%	4.3%	69.0%	100.0%
Other	N	2,640	3,445	11,507	17,592
Other	%	15.0%	19.6%	65.4%	100.0%
Total	N	474348	204214	1449442	2128004
Total	%	22,3%	9,6%	68,1%	100,0%

Family Structures Yes, Public		Children Attending or Not Attending Day Care			Total

		Yes, Private	Not Attending
Couple with Children	N	290,130	156,554	957,443	1,404,127
Couple with Children	%	20.7%	11.1%	68.2%	100.0%
Couple with Children and Relatives	N	3,1480	8,983	97,705	13,8168
Couple with Children and Relatives	%	22.8%	6.5%	70.7%	100.0%
Female without a Spouse and with Children	N	42,338	9,825	64,923	11,7086
Female without a Spouse and with Children	%	36.2%	8.4%	55.4%	100.0%
Female without a Spouse, with Children and Relatives	N	22,061	5,635	50,772	78,468
Female without a Spouse, with Children and Relatives	%	28,1%	7,2%	64,7%	100,0%
Male without a Spouse and with Children	N	1,754	370	3,223	5,347
Male without a Spouse and with Children	%	32.8%	6.9%	60.3%	100.0%
Male without a Spouse, with Children and Relatives	N	2,762	878	7,474	11,114
Male without a Spouse, with Children and Relatives	%	24.9%	7.9%	67.2%	100.0%

Per Capita Family Income (MW)	N	%
[0-0.5]	772,250	36.3
]0.5-1.0]	670,126	31.5
]1.0-2.0]	408,086	19.2
>2	274,837	12.9
Total	2,125,300	99.9
Missing	2,705	.1
Total	2,128,004	100.0

Children Attending or Not Attending Day Care		Per Capita Family income in MW				Total

		[0-0.50]	]0.5-1.0]	]1.0-2.0]	>2
Yes, Public	N	179,258	172,898	95,327	26,052	473,535
	% with or without Day Care Attendance	37.9%	36.5%	20.1%	5.5%	100.0%
	% with Family Income	23.2%	25.8%	23.4%	9.5%	22.3%
Yes, Private	N	16,381	29,782	54,966	102,984	204,113
	% with or without Day Care Attendance	8.0%	14.6%	26.9%	50.5%	100.0%
	% with Family Income	2.1%	4.4%	13.5%	37.5%	9.6%
Not Attending	N	576,610	467,447	257,792	145,802	1,447,651
	% with or without Day Care Attendance	39.8%	32.3%	17.8%	10.1%	100.0%
	% with Family Income	74.7%	69.8%	63.2%	53.1%	68.1%
Total	N	772,249	670,127	408,085	274,838	2,125,299
	% with or without Day Care Attendance	36.3%	31.5%	19.2%	12.9%	100.0%
	% with Family Income	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%

Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo Av. da Universidade, 308 - Biblioteca, 1º andar 05508-040 - São Paulo SP Brasil, Tel./Fax.: (55 11) 30913520 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revedu@usp.br

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[1] Fabiana Silva Fernandes holds a degree in pedagogy and a Ph.D. in school education from the Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp / Araraquara). She is a researcher at the Departamento de Pesquisas Educacionais, where she participates in the Educação Infantil: Políticas e Práticas research group.

Juliana dos Reis Domingues holds a degree in letters from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) and a degree in pedagogy from the Universidade Federal de São Carlos. She holds a Master’s degree in education from the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. She is a pedagogical coordinator for the São Paulo municipal school system and a professor.