Adequate <i>versus</i> inadequate weight gain and socioeconomic factors of pregnant women followed up in primary care

Silva, Luciane Oliveira da; Alexandre, Mayara Ribeiro; Cavalcante, Ana Carolina Montenegro; Arruda, Soraia Pinheiro Machado; Sampaio, Rafaella Maria Monteiro

doi:10.1590/1806-93042019000100006

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant. 19 (1) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042019000100006 copy

Adequate versus inadequate weight gain and socioeconomic factors of pregnant women followed up in primary care

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with inadequate (excessive and insufficient) weight gain in women followed during prenatal care in Basic Health Units in a Municipality of the Countryside of Ceará.

Methods:

a study was carried out with 189 pregnant women. Data were tabulated in the Excel Program and data analysis was performed in the Stata Program. In the bivariate analysis, the chisquare or Fisher's exact test was used, and the Poisson multivariate regression was used for the association between variables and the excessive or insufficient weight gain.

Results:

insufficient weight gain was associated with the absence of the partner (RR=1.15 CI95% = 1.02 - 1.30) and excessive weight gain was associated with non-working women (RR = 0.90 CI95% = 0.84-0.96).

Conclusions:

absence of partner and lack of work were associated with inadequate weight gain during pregnancy.

Key words
Pregnant women; Prenatal care; Overweight

Classification of pre gestational nutritional status	Recommendation of ideal weight gain by quarter and based on previous nutritional status
	Up to 13 GW	14 to 27	27 to 36	From 37
Low weight	2.3	2.3 + 0.5/week	8.8 + 0.5/week	12.5 a 18.0 Kg
Eutrophic	1.6	1.6 + 0.4/week	6.8 + 0.4/week	11.5 a 16.0 Kg
Overweight	0.9	0.9 + 0.3/week	4.8 + 0.3/week	7.0 a 11.5 Kg
Obesity	0.0	0.0 + 0.2/week	2.6 + 0.2/week	5.0 a 9.0 Kg

Variables		Total		Adequate		Excessive		RR	CI95%	p
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
< 20		30	100.0	14	46.7	16	53.3	1.02	0.93 - 1.11	0.658
≥ 20		129	100.0	48	37.2	81	62.8
Marital status
With partner		145	100.0	55	38.0	90	62.0	0.99	0.86 - 1.13	0.912
Without partner		14	100.0	07	50.0	07	50.0
Planned pregnancy
Yes		90	100.0	35	38.9	55	61.1	0.98	0.92 - 1.04	0.664
No		69	100.0	27	39.1	42	60.9
Insertion at work
Yes		74	100.0	21	28.4	53	71.6	0.90	0.84 - 0.96	0.002^* * Four pregnant women with adequate weight gain and three pregnant women with a gain above did not respond to income.
No		85	100.0	41	48.2	44	51.8
Schooling
< Middle School		76	100.0	29	38.2	47	61.8	0.97	0.91 - 1.04	0.664
≥ High School		83	100.0	33	39.8	50	60.2
Zone
Urban		126	100.0	48	38.1	78	61.9	0.99	0.92 - 1.07	0.992
Rural		33	100.0	14	42.4	19	57.6
	Total	159	100.0	62	39.0	97	61.0
Income (wages)
≤ 1,5		66	100.0	24	36.4	42	63.6	0.95	0.88 - 1.01	0.150
> 1,5		86	100.0	34	39.5	52	60.5
	Total ^* * Four pregnant women with adequate weight gain and three pregnant women with a gain above did not respond to income.	152	100.0	58	38.2	94	61.8

Variables		Total		Adequate		Insufficient		RR	CI95%	p
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)
< 20		20	100.0	14	70.0	06	30.0	1.05	0.94 - 1.17	0.346
≥ 20		72	100.0	48	66.7	24	33.3
Marital status
With partner		78	100.0	55	70.5	23	29.5	1.15	1.02 - 1.30	0.021^* * Four pregnant women with adequate weight gain and two pregnant women below the recommended did not respond to income.
Without partner		14	100.0	07	50.0	07	50.0
Planned pregnancy
Yes		49	100.0	35	71.4	14	28.6	1.02	0.93 - 1.11	0.586
No		43	100.0	27	62.8	16	37.2
Insertion at work
Yes		32	100.0	21	65.6	11	34.4	0.97	0.89 - 1.07	0.674
No		60	100.0	41	68.3	19	31.7
Schooling
< Middle School		45	100.0	29	64.4	16	35.5	0.98	0.89 - 1.09	0.833
≥ High School		47	100.0	33	70.2	14	29.8
Zone
Urban		67	100.0	48	71.6	19	28.4	1.09	0.99 - 1.20	0.050^* * Four pregnant women with adequate weight gain and two pregnant women below the recommended did not respond to income.
Rural		25	100.0	14	56.0	11	44.0
	Total	92	100.0	62	68.0	30	32.0
Income (wages)
≤ 1,5		37	100.0	24	64.9	13	35.1	1.02	0.91 - 1.14	0.664
> 1,5		49	100.0	34	69.4	15	30.6
	Total ^* * Four pregnant women with adequate weight gain and two pregnant women below the recommended did not respond to income.	86	100.0	58	67.4	28	32.6

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