A checklist for the zooplankton of the Middle Xingu – an Amazon River system

Brito, SAC.; Camargo, M.; Melo, NFAC.; Estupiñan, RA.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.03014BM

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Articles • Braz. J. Biol. 75 (3 suppl 1) • Aug 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.03014BM copy

A checklist for the zooplankton of the Middle Xingu – an Amazon River system

Diversidade zooplanctônica do médio Rio Xingu – bacia amazônica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A zooplankton checklist is presented for the Middle Xingu River, based on surveys conducted at four sites in the main channel and two fluvial lakes. A total of 175 taxa are listed, including 141 rotifers, 20 cladocerans, and five copepods. Rapids presented the greatest species richness, with up to 124 taxa, while Ilha Grande lake had 70 taxa, the lowest number. Non-planktonic benthic larvae were recorded frequently in the samples.

Keywords:
clear water rivers; zooplankton; fluvial habitats; limnology

Group	Habitat	Environments and habitats
		Island lakes		Main channel
		Ilha Grande	Pimental	Rapids	Flow restricted waters
ROTIFERA
GASTROPODIDAE
Ascomorpha ecaudis (Perty, 1850)	Pl		X	X
Ascomorpha saltans (Bartsch, 1870)	Pl	X	X
Ascomorpha sp.	Pl		X
Gastropus hyptopus (Ehrenberg, 1838)	NDT		X		X
Gastropus stylifer Imhof, 1891	NDT	X
Gastropus sp.	NDT	X
ASPLANCHNIDAE
Asplanchna priodonta Gosse, 1850	Pl	X		X
Asplanchna sieboldi (Leydig, 1845)	Pl		X
Asplanchna silvestri Daday, 1902	Pl		X
Asplanchna sp.	Pl	X	X	X	X
Harringia sp.	NDT	X
BRACHIONIDAE
Anuraeopsis fissa (Gosse, 1851)	Pl	X	X	X	X
Anuraeopsis navicula Rousselet, 1910	Pl	X	X	X
Anuraeopsis siolli Koste, 1972Koste, W., 1972. Rotatorien aus Gewässern Amazonies. Amazoniana, vol. 3, p. 258-505.	Pl		X
Brachionus ahlstromi (Lindeman, 1939)	Pl			X	X
Brachionus angularis Gosse, 1851	Pl	X	X	X	X
Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1866	Pl			X	X
Brachionus caudatus Barrois and Daday, 1894	Pl	X	X	X	X
Brachionus dolabratus Harring, 1915	Pl	X	X	X	X
Brachionus falcatus Zacharias, 1898	Pl	X	X	X	X
Brachionus gessneri Hauer, 1956	Pl	X	X	X	X
Brachionus mirabilis (Daday, 1897)	Pl		X
Brachionus mirus Dady, 1905	Pl	X	X	X	X
Brachionus patullus (Müller, 1953)	Pl		X	X	X
Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann, 1783	NP	X	X	X	X
Brachionus zahniseri Ahlstrom, 1934	Pl	X	X	X	X
Keratella americana Carlin, 1943	Pl	X	X	X	X
Keratella cochlearis Gosse, 1851	Pl	X	X	X	X
Keratella lenzi Hauer, 1953	Pl	X	X	X	X
Keratella nhamunda (Koste and Robertson, 1983Koste, W. and Robertson, B., 1983. Taxonomic studies of the Rotifera (Phylum Aschelminthes) from a Central Amazonian varzea lake, Lago Camaleão (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil). Amazoniana, vol. 8, p. 225-254.)	Pl				X
Notholca sp.	NDT			X
Plathyias quadricornis Daday, 1905	NP		X	X
Squatinella sp.	NDT				X
NOTOMATIDAE
Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg, 1838)	NP		X	X
Cephalodella intuta Myers, 1924	NP	X	X	X	X
Cephalodella mucronata Myers, 1924	NP
Cephalodella sp.	NP		X	X	X
COLLOTHECIDAE
Collotheca ambigua (Hudson, 1883)	NP	X			X
Collotheca tenuilobata (Anderson, 1889)	NP	X		X	X
Collotheca sp1.	NDT	X	X	X	X
Collotheca sp2.	NDT		X	X	X
Stephanoceros fimbriatus (Goldfuss, 1820)	NP			X	X
CONOCHLIDAE
Conochilus dossuaris (Hudson, 1875)	NDT	X			X
EPIPHANIDAE
Epiphanes clavatula (Ehrenberg, 1832)	Pl		X
Epiphanes macrourus (Barrois and Daday, 1894)	Pl	X	X	X	X
Microcodides chlaena Gosse, 1886	NDT		X	X
EUCHLANIDAE
Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg, 1832	NP			X	X
Euchlanis incisa Carlin, 1939	NP		X
Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse, 1886)	NP		X	X	X
FILINIDAE
Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg, 1834)	Pl	X	X	X	X
Filinia opoliensis (Zacharias, 1898)	Pl	X	X	X	X
Filinia pejleri Hutchinson, 1964	Pl	X	X	X	X
Filinia sp.	NDT		X	X
HEXARTHRIDAE
Hexarthra intermedia Wieszniewski, 1929	Pl	X	X	X	X
LECANIDAE
Lecane arcuata (Ryce, 1891).	NP		X
Lecane arculeata (Akubski, 1912).	NP				X
Lecane bulla (Gosse, 1886)	Pl/NP		X	X	X
Lecane clara (Bryce, 1892)	NP		X
Lecane closterocerca (Schmarda, 1856)	NP	X	X	X	X
Lecane copeis (Harring and Myers, 1926)	NP			X	X
Lecane curvicornis (Murray, 1913)	Pl	X	X	X	X
Lecane hamata (Stockes, 1896)	NP		X	X	X
Lecane hornemanni (Ehrenberg, 1834)	NP			X	X
Lecane leontina (Turner, 1892)	NP		X	X	X
Lecane ludwigi (Eckstein, 1883)	NP		X	X	X
Lecane luna (O. F. Müller, 1776)	NP			X	X
Lecane lunaris Ehrenberg, 1832	NP		X	X	X
Lecane monostyla (Daday, 1897)	Pl/NP		X	X
Lecane murrayi (Hauer, 1965)	NP			X
Lecane nodosa (Hauer, 1937/38)	NP			X	X
Lecane obtusa (Murray, 1913)	NP			X	X
Lecane opias Harring and Myers, 1926	NP				X
Lecane papuana Murray, 1913	NP		X	X	X
Lecane proiecta (Hauer, 1956)	NP	X	X	X	X
Lecane pyriformis (Daday, 1905)	NP			X	X
Lecane ruttneri Hauer, 1938	NP				X
Lecane signifera (Jennings, 1896)	NP		X	X	X
Lecane stichaea Harring, 1913	NP			X	X
Lecane ungulata (Gosse, 1887)	NP			X
Lecane sp1.	NDT		X	X	X
Lecane sp2.	NDT		X	X	X
Lecane sp3.	NDT		X		X
COLURELLIDAE
Colurella uncinata (O.F. Muller, 1773)	NP		X	X
Colurella sp.	NP		X	X	X
LEPADELLIDAE
Lepadella amphitropis Harring, 1916	NP		X		X
Lepadella benjamini Harring, 1916	NP				X
Lepadella costata Wulfert, 1940	NP		X
Lepadella cristata (Rousselet, 1893)	NP	X
Lepadella donneri Koste, 1972Koste, W., 1972. Rotatorien aus Gewässern Amazonies. Amazoniana, vol. 3, p. 258-505.	NP				X
Lepadella elliptica (Turner, 1892)	NP		X
Lepadella latusinus Myers, 1934	NP		X	X	X
Lepadella patella (O. F. Müller, 1786)	NP	X	X	X	X
Lepadella rhomboides (Gosse, 1886)	NP		X		X
Lepadella sp.	NDT		X	X	X
Paracolurella logima (Myers, 1934)	NP		X
TRICHOTRIIDAE
Macrochaetus collinsi (Gosse, 1867)	NP		X	X	X
Macrochaetus sericus (Thorpe, 1893)	NP			X
Macrotrachela zickendrahti (Richters, 1902)	NDT				X
Trichotria tetractis (Ehrenberg, 1830)	NDT		X	X	X
Trichotria sp.	NDT	X
NOTOMATIDAE
Monommata arndti Remane, 1933	NP		X
Monommata maculata Harring and Myers, 1924	NP		X
Eosphora anthadis (Harring and Myers, 1922)	NP		X	X
MYTILINIDAE
Mytilina macrocera (Jennings, 1894)	NP				X
Mytilina mucronata (Müller, 1773)	NP			X
Mytilina ventralis (Ehrenberg, 1832)	N		X
Mytilina sp.	NDT		X	X	X
SYNCHAETIDAE
Ploesoma lenticulare Herrick, 1885	Pl/NP		X
Ploesoma sp.	Pl/NP		X
Polyarthra remata Skorikov, 1896	Pl	X	X		X
Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin, 1943	Pl	X	X	X	X
Proales sp.	Pl	X	X	X	X
Synchaeta stylata Wierzejski, 1893	NP	X		X
Synchaeta sp.	NP			X
PROALIDAE
Ptygura libera Myers, 1934	NP	X	X	X	X
Ptygura melicerta Ehrenberg, 1832	NP			X	X
Ptygura sp.	NP		X		X
FLOSCULARIIDAE
Sinantherina sp.	NDT
TESTUDINELLIDAE
Testudinela ahlstromi (Hauer, 1956)	NP		X	X	X
Testudinela ohlei (Koste, 1972Koste, W., 1972. Rotatorien aus Gewässern Amazonies. Amazoniana, vol. 3, p. 258-505.)	NP		X	X	X
Testudinela patina (Hermann, 1783)	NP		X	X	X
Testudinela semiparva (Ternetz, 1892)	NP		X
Testudinela tridentata Smirnov, 1931	NP			X	X
Testudinela sp.	NDT	X	X	X	X
TRICHOCERCIDAE
Trichocerca agnatha Wulfert, 1939	NP	X
Trichocerca bicristata (Gosse, 1887)	NP	X	X	X	X
Trichocerca bidens (Lucks, 1912)	NP		X	X	X
Trichocerca capucina Wierzejski and Zacharias, 1893	NP	X	X	X	X
Trichocerca chattoni (Beauchamp, 1907)	NP	X	X	X	X
Trichocerca collaris (Rousselet, 1896)	NP		X	X	X
Trichocerca gracilis (Tessin, 1890)	NP	X	X	X
Trichocerca insiginis (Herrich, 1885)	NP	X	X	X	X
Trichocerca longiseta (Schrank, 1802)	Pl		X	X	X
Trichocerca myersi (Hauer, 1931)	NP	X		X	X
Trichocerca pusilla (Lauterborn, 1898)	NP	X	X	X	X
Trichocerca rousseleti (Voigt, 1901)	NP		X
Trichocerca similis (Wierzejski, 1893)	Pl	X	X	X	X
Trichocerca stylata (Gosse, 1851)	NP	X		X
Trichocerca tigris (O.F.M., 1786)	NP			X
Trichocerca sp1.	Pl/NP	X		X	X
Trichocerca sp2.	Pl/NP		X	X	X
ORDEM BDELLOIDEA	NP	X	X	X	X
CLADOCERA
CHYDORIDAE
Acroperus sp.	NP				X
Alona cambouei Guerne and Richard, 1893	NP			X
Alona guttata Sars, 1862	NP			X
Alona poppei Richard, 1897	NP			X	X
Alona sp.	NP			X	X
Alonella dadayi Birge, 1910	NP		X	X	X
Alonella sp1.	NP		X	X
Alonella sp2.	NP				X
Disparalona hamata (Birge, 1879)	NP
Pleuroxus sp.	NP			X
BOSMINIDAE
Bosmina hagmanni Stingelin, 1904	Pl	X		X	X
Bosmina longirostris (O.F. Mueller, 1785)	Pl	X	X	X	X
Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1834	Pl	X	X	X	X
DAPHNIDAE
Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Sars, 1886)	Pl	X			X
ILYOCRYPTIDAE
Ilyocryptus spinifer (Herrich, 1884)	NP			X	X
MACROTHRICIDAE
Macrothrix spinosa King, 1853	NP			X
Macrothrix superculeata Baird, 1843	NP	X		X	X
Macrothrix sp1.	NP
Macrothrix sp2.	NP				X
MOINIDAE
Moina minuta Hansen, 1899	Pl	X			X
COPEPODA
Copepodito	Pl	X	X	X	X
Náuplio	Pl	X	X	X	X
CALANOIDA
DIAPTOMIDAE
Argyrodiaptomus sp.	Pl	X		X
Notodiaptomus sp1.	Pl	X	X	X	X
Notodiaptomus sp2.	Pl		X	X	X
CYCLOPOIDA
CYCLOPIDAE
Thermocyclops sp1.	Pl	X
Thermocyclops sp2.	Pl			X
OTHER GROUPS
PROTOZOA
CENTROPYXIDAE
Centropyxis spp.			X	X	X
EUGLYPHIDAE
Euglypha spp.		X	X	X	X
VORTICELLIDAE
Vorticella spp.		X	X	X	X
OSTRACODA			X	X	X
GASTROTRICHA
Família Chaetonotidae		X
INSECTA
Acaro		X	X	X	X
Chaoboridae Famíly (larvae)		X	X	X	X
Chironomidae Famíly (larvae)			X	X	X
Odonata		X	X	X	X
UNIONICOLIDAE
Unionicola spp.			X	X

Group	Genera	Taxa
ROTIFERA	38	141
Monogononta	38	141
Bdelloidea	-	1
CLADOCERA	11	20
COPEPODA	3	5
Cyclopoida	1	2
Calanoida	2	3
Total	52	166

Environment	Water category	Rotifera	Cladocera	Copepoda	Main source
Amazon-Solimões system	Whites	110		17	Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Calado Lake	Whites		8		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Camaleão Lake	Whites	175			Koste et al. (1984)Koste, W., Robertson, BA. and Hardy, E., 1984. Further taxonomical studies of the rotifera from Lago Camaleão. A central amazonian várzea lake (Ilha de Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, Brazil). Amazoniana, vol. 8, p. 555-576.
Castanho Lake	Whites		16		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Jacaretinga Lake	Whites		12		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Redondo Lake	Whites		5		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Manacuri Lake	Whites		16		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Branco river	Whites	11	1		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Madeira river	Whites	60		7	Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Maracá-Roraima Island	Whites	159			Koste and Robertson (1990)Koste, W. and Robertson, B., 1990. Taxonomic studies of rotifera from shallow waters on the Island of Maracá, Roraima, Brazil. Amazoniana, vol. 11, p. 185-200.
Cuiabá river marginal lakes	Whites	79	30	6	Neves et al. (2003)Neves, IF., Rocha, O., Roche, KF. and Pinto, AA., 2003. Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakes of the River Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with analysis of Rotifera and Cladocera Diversity. Brazilian Journal of Biology, vol. 63, no. 2, p. 329-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000200018. PMid:14509855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003...
Acre river Amapá lake, Pirapora lake	Whites	38	6	2	Keppeler (2003)Keppeler, EC., 2003. Comparative study of the zooplankton composition of two lacustrine ecosystems in southwestern Amazonia. Acta Scientiarum, vol. 25, p. 471-481.
Amapá lake	Whites	30	5	3	Keppeler and Hardy (2004)Keppeler, EC. and Hardy, ER., 2004. Abundance and composition of Rotifera in an abandoned meander lake (Lago Amapá) in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 233-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004000200011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004...
Negro river	Blacks	50	7	18	Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Cristalino lake	Blacks		6		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Tarumã-Mirim lake	Blacks		12		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Guedes lake	Blacks		7		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Caju lake	Blacks		5		Robertson and Hardy \|(1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Prato lake	Blacks		3		Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Utinga-Pará system Bolonha lake	Blacks	30	19	7	Melo et al. (2006)Melo, NFAC., Paiva, RS. and Silva, MMT., 2006. Considerações ecológicas sobre o zooplâncton do lago Bolonha, Belém, Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Naturais, vol. 1, p. 115-125.
Tapajós river	Clears	127		8	Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Paroni lake	Clears	76			Koste (1974a)Koste, W., 1974a. Rotatorien aus einem Ufersee des unteren Rio Tapajós, dem Lago Paroni (Amazonien). Gewäs. u. Abwäs., vol. 53-54, p. 43-68.
Tocantins river	Clears	21	5-7	14	Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Tauá lake	Clears	6			Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Paulo pool	Clears	3			Robertson and Hardy (1984)Robertson, BA. and Hardy, ER., 1984. Zooplankton of Amazonian lakes and rivers. In SIOLI, H. (Ed.). The Amazon: limnology and landscape. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. p. 337-352. Monographie Biologicae, vol. 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6542-3_13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-654...
Lower Nhamundá river	Clears	145			Brandorff et al. (1982)Brandorff, GO., Koste, W. and Smirnov, NV., 1982. The composition and structure of Rotiferan and Crustacean communities of the lower Rio Nhamundá, Amazonas, Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, vol. 1, no. 2-3, p. 69-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650528209360604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650528209360...
Trombetas river Macaco lake	Clears	48			Koste (1989)Koste, W., 1989. Über Rädertiere (Rotatoria) aus dem Lago do Macaco, einem Ufersee des mittleren Rio Trombetas. Osnabrücker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, vol. 15, p. 190-214.
Batata lake (impacted by bauxite waste)	Clears	98	10	7	Bozelli et al. (2000)Bozelli, RL., Esteves, FA. and Roland, F., 2000. Lago Batata: impacto e recuperação de um ecossistema amazônico. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Biologia UFRJ/Sociedade Brasileira de Limnologia. 265 p.
Xingu river (lentic waters / rapids)	Clears	55-87	10-16	1-2	This study
Ilha Grande lake	Clears	56	6	3	This study
Pimental kake	Clears	97	5	4	This study

Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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