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Articles • Braz. J. Biol. 75 (4 Suppl 1) • Nov 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.00614 copy

Shell occupation by the hermit crab Dardanus insignis (Decapoda, Diogenidae) from the north Coast of São Paulo state, Brazil

Ocupação de conchas pelo ermitão Dardanus insignis na costa norte do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The pattern of shell occupation by the hermit crab Dardanus insignis (Saussure, 1858) from the subtropical region of southeastern coast of Brazil was investigated in the present study. The percentage of shell types that were occupied and the morphometric relationships between hermit crabs and occupied shells were analyzed from monthly collections conducted during two years (from January 1998 to December 1999). Individuals were categorized according to sex and gonadal maturation, weighed and measured with respect to their cephalothoracic shield length (CSL) and wet weight (CWW). Shells were measured regarding their aperture width (SAW), dry weight (SDW) and internal volume (SIV). A total of 1086 hermit crabs was collected, occupying shells of 11 gastropod species. Olivancillaria urceus (Roding, 1798) was most commonly used by the hermit crab D. insignis, followed by Buccinanops cochlidium (Dillwyn, 1817), and Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767). The highest determination coefficients (r² > 0.50, p < 0.01) were recorded particularly in the morphometric relationships between CSL vs. CWW and SAW vs. SIV, which are important indication that in this D. insignis population the great majority the animals occupied adequate shells during the two years analysed. The high number of used shell species and relative plasticity in pattern of shell utilization by smaller individuals of D. insignis indicated that occupation is influenced by the shell availability, while larger individuals demonstrated more specialized occupation in Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758) shell.

Keywords:
associated species; interspecific relationships; gastropod shells; Anomura

Gastropod species	n	Weight (g)		Aperture Width (mm)		Internal Volume (mL)		OP
		Max.	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max.	Min.	OP
		Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		(%)
Olivancillaria urceus *(Ou)*	583	76.61	1.81	14.7	3.2	15.7	0.3	54
(Röding, 1798)	583	16.8 ± 7.78a		7.76 ± 1.76a		4.15 ± 1.69a		54
Buccinanops cochlidium *(Bc)*	177	18.63	1.09	17.9	4.8	16.6	0.4	16
(Dillwyn, 1817)	177	8.24 ± 3.45b		11.71 ± 2.46b		6.46 ± 2.97b		16
Stramonita haemastoma *(Sh)*	92	28.04	1.66	19.4	4.7	18.5	0.4	8.4
(Linnaeus, 1767)	92	10.14 ± 5.37b		10.75 ± 2.95c		5.13 ± 3.35ad		8.4
Siratus tenuivaricosus *(St)*	58	28.88	1.73	16	5.9	15	0.4	5.3
(Dautzenberg, 1927)	58	8.33 ± 4.56b		10.10 ± 2.03c		3.87 ± 2.57a		5.3
Cymatium parthenopeum *(Cp)*	53	27.6	2.07	15.5	6.1	22	1	4.8
(Von Salis, 1793)	53	9.79 ± 5.65b		10.12 ± 2.16c		5.81 ± 4.05bd		4.8
Semicassis granulata *(Sg)*	34	39.87	3.07	18.6	6.4	28	3.5	3.1
(Born, 1778)	34	12.43 ± 8.28b		12.52 ± 2.55bd		12.21 ± 6.80c		3.1
Tonna galea *(Tg)*	28	54	3.36	47.3	16.2	180	5	2.4
(Linnaeus, 1758)	28	13.32 ± 10.64b		23.21 ± 6.77e		47.90 ± 45.00e		2.4
Fusinus marmoratus *(Fm)*	24	26.5	4.42	15.2	7.2	22	1	2.1
(Philippi, 1846)	24	13.82 ± 7.00b		11.09 ± 2.39bc		8.62 ± 6.30d		2.1
Strombus pugilis *(Sp)*	24	69.8	21.75	11.9	6	15	10	2.1
(Linnaeus, 1768)	24	45.08 ± 12.43c		8.75 ± 1.53ac		11.45 ± 1.79c		2.1
Zidona dufresnei *(Zd)*	12	80.99	23.07	27.7	8.4	50	10	1.1
(Donovan, 1823)	12	45.44 ± 17.12c		15.87 ± 5.33d		28.00 ± 13.33e		1.1
Polinices lacteus *(Pl)*	1	8.45		19.4		5.6		0.9
(Guilding, 1834)	1	8.45		19.4		5.6		0.9

Relationships	Groups	N	Linear Equation	r²
Relationships	Groups	N	Y = a X+b
*CSL vs.* SAW**	Males	681	CSL = 0.094·SAW + 0.766	0.76^* * p < 0.01.
	Non-ovigerous females	330	CSL = 0.201·SAW + 0.629	0.65^* * p < 0.01.
	Ovigerous females	75	CSL = 0.304·SAW + 0.542	0.61^* * p < 0.01.
*CSL vs.* SDW**	Males	681	CSL = 0.711·SSDW + 0.121	0.07ns
	Non-ovigerous females	330	CSL = 0.680·SDW + 0.085	0.05^* * p < 0.01.
	Ovigerous females	75	CSL = 0.832·SDW - 0.007	0.01ns
*CSL vs.* SIV**	Males	681	CSL = 0.608·SIV + 0.337	0.75^* * p < 0.01.
	Non-ovigerous females	330	CSL = 0.637·SIV + 0.253	0.55^* * p < 0.01.
	Ovigerous females	75	CSL = 0.667·SIV + 0.265	0.45^* * p < 0.01.
*CWW vs.* SAW**	Males	681	CWW = –1.891·SAW + 2.393	0.77^* * p < 0.01.
	Non-ovigerous females	330	CWW = –1.461·SAW + 1.867	0.62^* * p < 0.01.
	Ovigerous females	75	CWW = –1.280·SAW + 1.781	0.62^* * p < 0.01.
*CWW vs.* SDW**	Males	681	CWW = 0.001·SDW + 0.409	0.08ns
	Non-ovigerous females	330	CWW = –0.063·SDW + 0.276	0.05ns
	Ovigerous females	75	CWW = 0.445·SDW - 0.013	0.02ns
*CWW vs.* SIV**	Males	681	CWW = –0.285·SIV + 1.053	0.76^* * p < 0.01.
	Non-ovigerous females	330	CWW = –0.181·SIV + 0.771	0.55^* * p < 0.01.
	Ovigerous females	75	CWW = –0.084·SIV + 0.868	0.45^* * p < 0.01.

Gastropod	Relationships	n	Linear Equation	r²
species	Relationships	n	Y = a x + b	r²
O. urceus	CSL vs. SAW	583	CSL = 0.158·SAW + 0.685	0.58^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	583	CSL = 0.470·SDW + 0.243	0.33^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	583	CSL = 0.604·SIV + 0.290	0.59^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	583	CWW = –1.644·SAW + 2.087	0.58^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	583	CWW = 0.741·SDW + 0.781	0.36^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	583	CWW = 0.277·SIV + 0.868	0.56^* * p < 0.01.
B. cochlidium	CSL vs. SAW	177	CSL = 0.051·SAW + 0.788	0.68^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	177	CSL = 0.603·SDW + 0.320	0.37^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	177	CSL = 0.627·SIV + 0.350	0.70^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	177	CWW = –1.956·SAW + 2.402	0.69^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	177	CWW = –0.327·SDW + 1.036	0.43^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	177	CWW = –0.177·SIV + 1.037	0.67^* * p < 0.01.
S. haemastoma	CSL vs. SAW	92	CSL = 0.142·SAW + 0.695	0.73^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	92	CSL = 0.559·SDW + 0.299	0.50^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	92	CSL = 0.679·SIV + 0.270	0.63^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	92	CWW = 1.937SAW + 2.365	0.76^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	92	CWW = –0.559·SDW + 1.062	0.57^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	92	CWW = –0.127·SIV + 0.947	0.70^* * p < 0.01.
S. tenuivaricosus	CSL vs. SAW	58	CSL = –0.014·SAW + 0.853	0.59^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	58	CSL = 0.530·SDW + 0.350	0.65^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	58	CSL = 0.707·SIV + 0.259	0.81^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	58	CWW = –2.553·SAW + 2.991	0.66^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	58	CWW = –0.625·SDW + 1.207	0.70^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	58	CWW = 0.008·SIV + 0.877	0.84^* * p < 0.01.
C. parthenopeum	CSL vs. SAW	53	CSL = 0.222·SAW + 0.658	0.56^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	53	CSL = 0.652·SDW + 0.240	0.64^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	53	CSL = 0.681·SIV + 0.282	0.72^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	53	CWW = –1.358·SAW + 1.932	0.56^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	53	CWW = –0.098·SDW + 0.704	0.64^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	53	CWW = –0.013·SIV + 0.829	0.72^* * p < 0.01.
S. granulata	CSL vs. SAW	34	CSL = 0.013·SAW + 0.913	0.60^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	34	CSL = 0.610·SDW + 0.359	0.58^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	34	CSL = 0.656·SIV + 0.303	0.57^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	34	CWW = 2.127·SAW + 2.793	0.62^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	34	CWW = –0.203·SDW + 1.081	0.57^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	34	CWW = –0.117·SIV + 0.959	0.63^* * p < 0.01.
T. galea	CSL vs. SAW	28	CSL = 0.428·SAW + 0.514	0.29^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	28	CSL = 0.977·SDW + 0.139	0.10^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	28	CSL = 0.811·SIV + 0.204	0.22^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	28	CWW = -1.019·SAW + 1.699	0.37^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	28	CWW = 0.769·SDW + 0.484	0.19^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	28	CWW = 0.209·SIV + 0.00	0.30^* * p < 0.01.
F. marmoratus	CSL vs. SAW	24	CSL = –0.076·SAW + 0.962	0.88^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	24	CSL = 0.478·SDW + 0.405	0.88^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	24	CSL = 0.629·SIV + 0.337	0.84^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	24	CWW = –2.373·SAW + 2.982	0.93^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SDW	24	CWW = –0.621·SDW + 1.221	0.89^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	24	CWW = –0.181·SIV + 1.044	0.89^* * p < 0.01.
S. pugilis	CSL vs. SAW	24	CSL = 0.635·SAW + 0.267	0.32^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SDW	24	CSL = 0.457·SDW + 0.258	0.41^* * p < 0.01.
	CSL vs. SIV	24	CSL = 0.609·SIV + 0.287	0.33^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SAW	24	CWW = 0.213·SAW + 0.477	0.04ns
	CWW vs. SDW	24	CWW = 0.488·SDW + 0.611	0.29^* * p < 0.01.
	CWW vs. SIV	24	CWW = 0.188·SIV + 0.878	0.31^* * p < 0.01.

Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjb@bjb.com.br

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