Insect galls of Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ)

Maia, V. C.; Silva, L. O.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.05314

V. C. Maia ^**e-mail: maiavcid@acd.ufrj.br

Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

L. O. Silva

Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

*e-mail: maiavcid@acd.ufrj.br

Figures (2)
Tables (7)

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Figure 1
Ilha de Marambaia, Mangaratiba (A) e Restinga de Marambaia, Barra de Guaratiba (B). Increased passage about Line 1. Google Earth, 22.X.2013.

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Figures 2-37
Insect galls from Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ). (2) Intralaminar globoid leaf gall on Avicennia sp., galler Cecidomyiidae; (3) Discoid leaf gall on Anacardium occidentale, galler Cecidomyiidae; (4) Fusiform stem gall on Schinus terebinthifolius, galler Lepidoptera; (5) Discoid leaf gall on Aspidosperma pyricollum, galler Psyllidae (Hemiptera); (6) Damage on flower of Asteraceae (not determined), insect not determined (Free larva); (7) Conical leaf gall on Fridericia conjugata, galler Arrabidaeamyia serrata; (8) Globoid stem gall on F. conjugata, galler Neolasioptera sp.; (9) Intralaminar lenticular leaf gall on Maytenus obtusifolia in adaxial surface, galler Mayteniella distincta; (10) The same, abaxial surface; (11) Globoid discrete bud flower gall on Jacquemontia holosericea, galler Schizomyia santosi; (12) Conical leaf gall on Erythroxylum ovalifolium, galler Dasineura ovalifoliae; (13) Circular leaf gall on Eugenia uniflora, galler Neolasioptera eugeniae; (14) Marginal leaf roll gall on E. ovalifolium, galler Clinodiplosis sp.; (15) Conical bud gall on E. ovalifolium, galler Lopesia erythroxyli; (16) Conical bud flower gall on Clitoria laurifolia, galler not determined; (17) Globoid leaf gall on Clitoria ternatea, galler not determined; (18) Discoid leaf gall on Dalbergia ecastophylla, galler Lopesia grandis; (19) Conical leaf gall on E. uniflora, galler Clinodiplosis profusa; (20) Pocket shaped leaf gall on Inga maritima, galler Neolasioptera ingae; (21) Discoid leaf gall on Byrsonima sericea, galler Dasineura byrsonimae; (22) Globoid stem gall on B. sericea, galler Bruggmanniella byrsonimae; (23 and 24) Bud flower of Heteropterys nitida, free larva of the Clinodiplosis floricola; (25) Intralaminar lenticular leaf gall on Norantea brasiliensis, galler not determined; (26) N. brasiliensis in loco; (27) Clavate leaf gall on Eugenia astringens, galler Stephomyia clavata; (28) Globoid leaf gall on E. astringens, galler Dasineura globosa; (29) Marginal leaf roll gall on E. astringens, galler Dasineura marginalis; (30) Marginal leaf roll gall on Neomitranthes obscura, galler Clinodiplosis sp.; (31) Intralaminar lenticular leaf gall on Guapira opposita, galler Bruggmannia elongata; (32) Globoid stem gall on G. opposita, galler Proasphondylia guapirae; (33) Cylindrical with apical projection leaf gall on Ouratea cuspidata, galler Contarinia sp.; (34) Discoid leaf gall on Manilkara subsericea, galler Manilkaramyia notabilis; (35) Discoid leaf gall on Smilax rufescens, galler Smilasioptera candelariae; (36) Discoid leaf gall on Pouteria venosa, galler Lopesia singularis; (37) Globoid leaf gall on Byrsonima sericea, galler Lepidoptera.

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Table 1
Distribution of the number of morphotypes of insect galls and damages per host plant and ecosystem in the Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ).

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Table 2
Characterization of insect galls of the Restinga of Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ).

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Table 3
Number of insect galls by galled plant organ in the Restinga of Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ).

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Table 4
Number of insect galls by gall shape in the Restinga of Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ).

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Table 5
Number of insect galls by galling insect in the Restinga of Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ).

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Table 6
Distribution of the total number of morphotypes of insect galls in restinga areas of the Southeastern region and number of morphotypes recorded from the Restinga de Marambaia), Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

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Table 7
Distribution of the number of morphotypes of insect galls in restinga areas of the Southeastern region of Brazil. Restinga de Marambaia, Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro (RJ).

Figures 2-37 Insect galls from Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ). (2) Intralaminar globoid leaf gall on Avicennia sp., galler Cecidomyiidae; (3) Discoid leaf gall on Anacardium occidentale, galler Cecidomyiidae; (4) Fusiform stem gall on Schinus terebinthifolius, galler Lepidoptera; (5) Discoid leaf gall on Aspidosperma pyricollum, galler Psyllidae (Hemiptera); (6) Damage on flower of Asteraceae (not determined), insect not determined (Free larva); (7) Conical leaf gall on Fridericia conjugata, galler Arrabidaeamyia serrata; (8) Globoid stem gall on F. conjugata, galler Neolasioptera sp.; (9) Intralaminar lenticular leaf gall on Maytenus obtusifolia in adaxial surface, galler Mayteniella distincta; (10) The same, abaxial surface; (11) Globoid discrete bud flower gall on Jacquemontia holosericea, galler Schizomyia santosi; (12) Conical leaf gall on Erythroxylum ovalifolium, galler Dasineura ovalifoliae; (13) Circular leaf gall on Eugenia uniflora, galler Neolasioptera eugeniae; (14) Marginal leaf roll gall on E. ovalifolium, galler Clinodiplosis sp.; (15) Conical bud gall on E. ovalifolium, galler Lopesia erythroxyli; (16) Conical bud flower gall on Clitoria laurifolia, galler not determined; (17) Globoid leaf gall on Clitoria ternatea, galler not determined; (18) Discoid leaf gall on Dalbergia ecastophylla, galler Lopesia grandis; (19) Conical leaf gall on E. uniflora, galler Clinodiplosis profusa; (20) Pocket shaped leaf gall on Inga maritima, galler Neolasioptera ingae; (21) Discoid leaf gall on Byrsonima sericea, galler Dasineura byrsonimae; (22) Globoid stem gall on B. sericea, galler Bruggmanniella byrsonimae; (23 and 24) Bud flower of Heteropterys nitida, free larva of the Clinodiplosis floricola; (25) Intralaminar lenticular leaf gall on Norantea brasiliensis, galler not determined; (26) N. brasiliensis in loco; (27) Clavate leaf gall on Eugenia astringens, galler Stephomyia clavata; (28) Globoid leaf gall on E. astringens, galler Dasineura globosa; (29) Marginal leaf roll gall on E. astringens, galler Dasineura marginalis; (30) Marginal leaf roll gall on Neomitranthes obscura, galler Clinodiplosis sp.; (31) Intralaminar lenticular leaf gall on Guapira opposita, galler Bruggmannia elongata; (32) Globoid stem gall on G. opposita, galler Proasphondylia guapirae; (33) Cylindrical with apical projection leaf gall on Ouratea cuspidata, galler Contarinia sp.; (34) Discoid leaf gall on Manilkara subsericea, galler Manilkaramyia notabilis; (35) Discoid leaf gall on Smilax rufescens, galler Smilasioptera candelariae; (36) Discoid leaf gall on Pouteria venosa, galler Lopesia singularis; (37) Globoid leaf gall on Byrsonima sericea, galler Lepidoptera.

Plant family	Plant species	Number of galls and damage	Ecosystem
Acanthaceae	Avicennia schaueriana Stapf and Leechm. ex Moldenke	1	Mangrove
Anacardiaceae	Anacardium occidentale L.	1	Restinga
	Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.	1	Restinga
Apocynaceae	Aspidosperma pyricollum M. Arg.	1	Restinga
Asteraceae	Not determined	1	Mangrove
Bignoniaceae	Fridericia conjugata (Vell.) Mart.	2	Restinga
Celastraceae	Maytenus obtusifolia Mart.	1	Restinga
Convolvulaceae	Jacquemontia holosericea (Weinm.) O’Donell.	1	Restinga
Erythroxylaceae	Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr.	3	Restinga
Fabaceae	Clitoria laurifolia Poir.	1	Restinga
	Clitoria ternatea L.	1	Restinga
	Dalbergia ecastophylla L. Taub	1	Mangrove
	Inga maritima Benth.	1	Restinga
Malpighiaceae	Byrsonima sericea DC.	3	Restinga
	Heteropterys nitida Juss.	1	Restinga
Marcgraviaceae	Norantea brasiliensis Choisy.	1	Restinga
Myrtaceae	Eugenia astringens Cambess.	3	Restinga
	Eugenia uniflora L.	2	Mangrove and Restinga
	Neomitranthes obscura (DC) N. Silveira	1	Restinga
Nyctaginaceae	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz.	2	Restinga
Ochnaceae	Ouratea cuspidata (St. Hil) Engl.	1	Restinga
Sapotaceae	Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard.	1	Restinga
	Pouteria venosa (Mart.) Baehni.	1	Restinga
Smilacaceae	Smilax rufescens Griseb	1	Restinga

Plant species	Gall shape	Gall color / Plant organ	Trichomes	Number internal chamber	Galler	Previous records
A. schaueriana	Intralaminar globoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Cecidomyiidae	BER and CF
A. occidentale	Discoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Cecidomyiidae	AMA
S. terebinthifolius	Fusiform	Brown / Stem	Absent	1	Lepidoptera	BER, GRU and CF
A. pyricollum	Discoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Psyllidae (Hemiptera)	IG and MAR
Asteraceae	Free larva	- / Fower	-	-	Not determined	-
F. conjugata	Conical	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Arrabidaeamyia serrata Maia, 2001 Cecidomyiidae	GRU, MAR, AC, CAR and JU
	Globoid	Green / Fruit	Absent	Several	Neolasioptera sp. Cecidomyiidae	GRU, AR, CAR and JU
M. obtusifolia	Intralaminar lenticular	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Mayteniella distincta Maia, 2001 Cecidomyiidae	GRU, MAR and AC
J. holosericea	Globoid discrete	Green / Bud flower	Absent	1	Schizomyia santosi Maia and Araújo, 2009 Cecidomyiidae	MAR
E. ovalifolium	Conical	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Dasineura ovalifoliae Maia and Fernandes, 2011 Cecidomyiidae	GRU MAR, CAR and JU
	Marginal Leaf roll	Light green / Leaf	Absent	1	Clinodiplosis sp. Cecidomyiidae	IG, MAR, CAR and JU
	Conical	Brown / Bud	Absent	1	Lopesia erythroxyli Rodrigues and Maia (2010)Rodrigues, A.R. and Maia, V.C., 2010. Duas novas espécies de . Lopesia Rübsaamen (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) do Brasil, com chave para as espéciesBiota Neotropica, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 85-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010...	IG, GRU, MAR, AC, CAR and JU
C. laurifolia	Conical	Brown / Bud flower	Present	1	Not determined	-
C. ternatea	Globoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Not determined	-
D. ecastophylla	Discoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Lopesia grandis Maia, 2001a Cecidomyiidae	IG, MAR, CAR and JU
I. maritima	Pocket shaped	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Neolasioptera ingae Möhn, 1964a Cecidomyiidae	GRU and MAR
B. sericea	Discoid	Green or yellow / Leaf	Absent	1	Dasineura byrsonimae Maia, 2010 Cecidomyiidae	IG, GRU MAR, CAR, JU and GUA
	Globoid	Brown / Stem	Absent	Several	Bruggmanniella byrsonimae Maia and Couri, 1992 Cecidomyiidae	MAR, CAR and JU
	Globoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Lepidoptera	MAR and AC
H. nitida	Free larva	- / Bud flower	-	-	Clinodiplosis floricola Novo-Guedes and Maia, 2008 Cecidomyiidae	MAR
N. brasiliensis	Intralaminar lenticular	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Not determined	-
E. astringens	Clavate	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Stephomyia clavata Tavares, 1920 Cecidomyiidae	CAR and JU
	Globoid	Yellow / Leaf	Absent	1	Dasineura globosa Maia, 1995 Cecidomyiidae	GRU, MAR, CAR and JU
	Marginal Leaf roll	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Dasineura marginalis Maia, 2005a Cecidomyiidae	GRU, MAR, AC, CAR and JU
E. uniflora	Conical	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Clinodiplosis profusa Maia, 2001a Cecidomyiidae	GRU, MAR, AC, CF, CAR and JU
	Circular	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Neolasioptera eugeniae Maia, 1993 Cecidomyiidae	PA, IG, GRU, MAR, CF and AC
N. obscura	Marginal Leaf roll	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Clinodiplosis sp. Cecidomyiidae	MAR, CAR, JU and GUA
G. opposita	Intralaminar lenticular	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Bruggmannia elongata Maia and Couri, 1993 Cecidomyiidae	BER, IG, MAR, AC, CAR and JU
	Globoid	Brown / Stem	Absent	Several	Proasphondylia guapirae Maia, 1994a Cecidomyiidae	BER, IG, MAR, CAR and JU
O. cuspidata	Cylindrical with apical projection	Brown / Leaf	Absent	1	Contarinia sp. Cecidomyiidae	IG, GRU, MAR, JU and GUA
M. subsericea	Discoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1-2	Manilkaramyia notabilis Maia, 2001 Cecidomyiidae	CAR, JU and GUA
P. venosa	Discoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Lopesia singularis Maia, 2001 Cecidomyiidae	BER, MAR and AC
S. rufescens	Discoid	Green / Leaf	Absent	1	Smilasioptera candelariae Möhn, 1975 Cecidomyiidae	GRU, MAR, CAR and JU

AC = Arraial do Cabo (RJ) (Monteiro et al., 1994Monteiro, R.F., Ferraz, F.F.F., Maia, V.C. and Azevedo, M.A.P., 1994. Galhas entomógenas em restingas: uma abordagem preliminar. In: S. WATANABE, ed. Anais do III Simpósio de Ecossistemas da Costa Brasileira: subsídios a um gerenciamento ambiental. São Paulo: ACIESP, pp. 210-220. vol. 3.); BER = Bertioga (SP) (Maia et al., 2008Maia, V.C., Magenta, M.A.G. and Martins, S.E., 2008. Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 167-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100020.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008... ); CAR = Carapebus (RJ) (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C., 2001. The gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 583-629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001... ); CF = Cabo Frio (RJ) (Rodrigues and Silva, 2011Rodrigues, A.R. and Silva, S.A.H., 2011 [viewed 16 April 2015]. Galhas entomógenas associadas à Myrtaceae da Ilha da Marambaia (Mangaratiba, RJ) [online]. São Paulo: Sociedade de Ecologia do Brasil. Available from: www.sebecologia.org.br/xceb/resumos/447.pdf
http://www.sebecologia.org.br/xceb/resum... ; Maia and Souza, 2013MAIA, V.C. and SOUZA, M.C., 2013. Insect galls of the xeric vegetation of Ilha do Cabo Frio (Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil). Biota Neotropica, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 278-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013000300030.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032013... ); GRU = Grumari (RJ) (Oliveira and Maia, 2005Oliveira, J.C. and Maia, V.C., 2005. Ocorrência e Caracterização de Galhas de Insetos na Restinga de Grumari (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 669-675.); GUA = Guarapari (ES) (Bregonci et al., 2010Bregonci, J.M., Polycarpo, P.V. and Maia, V.C., 2010. Galhas de insetos do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (Guarapari, ES, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 265-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010... ); IG = Ilha Grande (RJ) (Maia and Oliveira, 2010Maia, V.C. and Oliveira, J.C., 2010. Galhas de insetos da Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul (Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ). Biota Neotropica, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 227-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000400028.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010... ); JU = Jurubatiba (RJ); MAR = Maricá (RJ) (Maia, 2001Maia, V.C., 2001. The gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 583-629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001000200028.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752001... ); PA = Paraty (RJ) (Fernandes and Maia, 2011Fernandes, S.P.C. and Maia, V.C., 2011. Registros de galhas de insetos no município de Paraty (RJ, Brasil). São Paulo: Sociedade de Ecologia do Brasil.).

Plant organ	Number of gall morphotypes (N=31)
Leaf	24 (≈ 77%)
Stem	3 (≈ 10%)
Bud flower	2 (≈ 7%)
Bud	1 (≈ 3%)
Fruit	1 (≈ 3%)

Gall shape	Number of gall morphotypes (N=31)
Discoid	7 (≈ 23%)
Globoid	6 (≈ 20%)
Conical	5 (≈ 16%)
Marginal leaf roll	3 (≈ 10%)
Intralaminar lenticular	3 (≈ 10%)
Fusiform	1 (≈ 3%)
Intralaminar globoid	1 (≈ 3%)
Circular	1 (≈ 3%)
Clavate	1 (≈ 3%)
Pocket shaped	1 (≈ 3%)
Globoid discrete	1 (≈ 3%)
Cylindrical with apical projection	1 (≈ 3%)

Galling insect	Number of gall morphotypes (N=31)
Diptera (Cecidomyiidae)	25 (≈ 81%)
Not determined	3 (≈ 10%)
Lepidoptera	2 (≈ 6%)
Hemiptera	1 (≈ 3%)

Host-plant	Total number of morphotypes of insects galls	Number of morphotypes reported to Restinga de Marambaia
Anacardium occidentale	01	01
Aspidosperma pyricollum	01	01
Byrsonima sericea	04	03
Clitoria laurifolia	0	01
Clitoria ternatea	0	01
Dalbergia ecastophylla	01	01
Erythroxylum ovalifolium	05	03
Eugenia astringens	07	03
Eugenia uniflora	06	02
Heteropteris nitida	03	01
Fridericia conjugata	03	02
Guapira opposita	10	02
Inga maritima	01	01
Jacquemontia holosericea	01	01
Manilkara subsericea	07	01
Maytenus obtusifolia	02	01
Neomitranthes obscura	06	01
Norantea brasiliensis	0	01
Ouratea cuspidata	03	01
Pouteria venosa	01	01
Schinnus terebinthifolius	02	01
Smilax rufescens	06	01

Localities	Number of gall morphotypes
Bertioga, SP	233
Maricá, RJ	72
Carapebus, RJ	62
Grumari, RJ	43
Arraial do Cabo, RJ	41
PEPCV, ES	38
RBEPS, RJ	36
Restinga de Marambaia, RJ	31

[1] *e-mail: maiavcid@acd.ufrj.br

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Insect galls of Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ)

Galhas de insetos da Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ)

Abstract