Phylogeny of the genus <i>Stephomyia</i> Tavares, 1916 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Maia, V. C.; Barbosa, L. S.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.05216

V. C. Maia ^**e-mail: maiavcid@acd.ufrj.br

Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

L. S. Barbosa

Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

*e-mail: maiavcid@acd.ufrj.br

Figures (7)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Map of distribution of Stephomyia Tavares, 1916 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).

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Figures 2-22
Cecidomyiidae (adults): 2) First tarsomere with apical spine; 3) Tarsal claw simple (without teeth); 4) Tarsal claw toothed; 5) Wing: R₅ long, reaching C near the apex; 6) R₅ short, reaching C appreciably before the apex; 7-9): Male antenna, flagellomere: 7) Cylindrical with sinuous circumfila; 8) Binodal with looped circumfila; 9) Squarish with x-shaped circumfila; 10) Antenna, flagellomere cylindrical with reticulated circumfila; 11-23): Male terminalia: 11) Gonostylus narrow, cercus longer than large, parameres absent; 12) Gonostylus broad, cercus as long as large; 13) Gonostylus broad, triangular; 14) Gonostylus broad, rectangular; 15) Gonostylus broad, elongate; 16) Gonostylus broad, spherical, with two teeth; 17) Gonostylus narrow, claviform, with a single tooth; 18) Gonostylus narrow, cylindrical, with a single tooth; 19) Gonostylus broad, rectangular with multiple teeth, cercus larger than long, parameres present, aedeagus glossiform; 20-22) Parameres: 20) Free, sligthly shorter than aedeagus; 21) Envolving aedeagus; 22) Appreciably shorter than aedeagus.

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Figures 23-42
Cecidomyiidae (females and immature phases): 23-24) Female terminalia 23) 8^th tergite without a bilobed structure at the posterior end, ovipositor soft, shorter than abdome, without modified scales, cerci partially fused; 24) 8^th tergite with a bilobed structure at the posterior end, ovipositor rigid, longer than abdome, without modified scales; 25) Ovipositor soft, longer than abdome, with modified scales; 26-28) Female cerci: 26) Not fused with lobes separate; 27) Fused (completely); 28) Not fused with adjacent lobes; 29-32) Pupa, head: 29) Apical seta very short, lateral papillae and lower facial absent; 30) Apical seta short, two pairs of facial papillae (one lateral and other lower); 31) Apical seta long, antennal basesshort, a single pair of lateral papillae and two pairs of lower facial papillae; 32) Antennal bases long, three pairs of lateral papillae and two pairs of lower facial papillae; 33-35) Pupa, prothoracic spiracle: 33) Short; 34) Medium; 35) Long; 36) Pupa, dorsal abdominal spines; 37-42) Larva, prothoracic spatula: 37) With two teeth; 38) With three teeth; 39) With four teeth; 40) With a single tooth; 41) Without medial broadening; 42) With medial broadening.

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Figures 43-48
Larva, number of lateral papillae: 43) Six pairs; 44) Four pairs; 45) Three pairs; 46) Two pairs; 47-48) Larva, last abdominal segment: 47) Four pairs of terminal papillae, stubby papillae absent; 48) Three pairs of terminal papillae, stubby papillae present.

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Figures 49-54
49) Leaf gall, as long as large, with trichomes; 50) Bud gall, glabrous; 51) Fruit gall, glabrous; 52) Stem gall, glabrous; 53) Flower bud gall, glabrous; 54) Bud gall, longer than large, glabrous.

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Figure 55
(A) and (B) Most parsimonious cladograms obtained (105 steps, ci 57, ri 76), (C) Strict consensus cladograms obtained (106 steps, ci 56, ri 76). The number inside the box refers to the Bremer value.

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Figures 56-57
56) Interpolating cladogram of the Stephomyia species with terminal taxa replaced by their respective host plants; 57) Interpolating cladogram of the Stephomyia species with terminal taxa replaced by their area of occurrence.

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Table 1
List of Stephomyia Tavares, 1916 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) species and respectively host plants.

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Table 2
List of Stephomyia Tavares, 1916 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) species and described stages and sexes.

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Table 3
Matrix with 23 terminals and 39 morphological characters from three life stages, galls and host plants.

Galling species	Host plant
S. clavata (Tavares), 1920	Myrtaceae (undetermined)
S. epeugeniaeGagné, 1994GAGNÉ, R.J., 1994. The gall midges of the Neotropical region. Ithaca: Comstock Cornell University Press. 352 p.	Eugenia sp.
S. espiralis Maia, 1994	Eugenia copacabanensis Kiaersk
S. eugeniae (Felt), 1913	Eugenia buxifolia Lam.
S. mina Maia, 1994	Neomitranthes obscura (DC.) N. Silveira
S. rotundifoliorum Maia, 1994	Eugenia astringens Cambess. (=Eugenia rotundifolia Casar)
S. tetralobae Maia, 1994	Eugenia copacabanensis Kiaersk

Galling species	Described stages
Galling species	male	female	pupa	larva
S. clavata (Tavares), 1920	x
S. epeugeniaeGagné, 1994GAGNÉ, R.J., 1994. The gall midges of the Neotropical region. Ithaca: Comstock Cornell University Press. 352 p.	x	x
S. espiralis Maia, 1994		x	x
S. eugeniae (Felt), 1913	x	x	x
S. mina Maia, 1994	x	x	x	x
S. rotundifoliorum Maia, 1994	x	x	x	x
S. tetralobae Maia, 1994	x	x	x	x

Taxa	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38
Trotteria quadridentata	1	3	0	1	1	2	1	0	0	0	-	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	-	1	1	0	0	0	1	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
Neolasioptera ramicola	1	3	0	1	1	2	1	0	0	0	-	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	-	0	0	2	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	3	1	0
Baccharomyia magna	1	1	0	0	1	2	1	0	0	0	-	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	-	o	o	1	2	2	0	1	0	0	3	2	0	3	1	0
Dasineura gigantea	1	3	0	1	1	2	1	2	0	0	-	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	-	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0
Arcivena kielmeyerae	1	3	0	1	1	2	1	2	0	0	-	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	-	?	1	1	1	?	?	0	1	0	1	0	4	?	0
Myrciariamyia fernandesi	1	3	0	1	1	2	1	1	0	0	-	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	-	0	0	0	2	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Iatrophobia braziliensis	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	2	-	0	-	1	0	0	0	-	-	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
Clinodiplosis melissae	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	2	-	0	-	1	0	0	0	-	-	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
Contarinia gemmae	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	2	-	0	-	0	0	1	0	-	-	0	0	1	0	0	0	-	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
Parkiamyia paraensis	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	2	-	0	-	0	0	0	0	-	-	0	0	1	0	0	0	-	1	2	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
Bruggmanniella doliocarpi	0	2	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	2	-	1	0	0	-	-	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	-	0	1	0	0	2	0	2	1	2	?	0	3	1	1
Asphondylia fructicola	0	2	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	2	-	1	1	0	-	-	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	-	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	0	2	0	1
Parazalepidota clusiae	0	2	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	-	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	-	0	1	2	2	0	0	2	0	1	?	0	0	0	0
Bruggmannia elongata	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	-	2	2	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	-	0	0	0	0	0	0	-	-	4	2	0	0	0	0
Burseramyia braziliensis	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	-	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	-	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
Schizomyia spherica	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	-	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	-	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Stephoymia clavata	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	?	-	2	?	1	0	0	?	0	?	0	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	0	1	0
Stephomyia epeugeniae	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	0	-	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	-	0	0	2	2	0	1	0	0	3	2	0	0	1	0
Stephomyia espiralis	0	0	?	0	0	?	?	?	?	?	?	-	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	0	?	0	1	0	-	0	0	2	1	0	1	0	1	3	2	0	0	1	0
Stephomyia eugeniae	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	?	-	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	-	?	0	?	?	?	1	?	?	?	?	0	0	1	1
Stephomyia mina	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	0	-	2	2	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	-	0	0	2	2	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	0
Stephomyia rotundifoliorum	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	0	-	2	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	-	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	3	2	0	0	1	0
Stephomyia tetralobae	0	0	?	0	0	0	1	1	?	1	1	-	2	?	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	-	0	0	2	1	0	1	2	0	3	2	0	0	1	0

[1] *e-mail: maiavcid@acd.ufrj.br

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Phylogeny of the genus Stephomyia Tavares, 1916 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Filogenia do gênero Stephomyia Tavares, 1916 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Abstract