Use of eugenol for anesthesia of lesser guitarfish <i>Zapteryx brevirostris</i> (Rhinobatidae)

Takatsuka, V.; Costa, D. G. C.; Oliveira, N. Y.; Sanches, E. G.; Azevedo, V. G.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.186755

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 79 (3) • Jul-Sep 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.186755 copy

Use of eugenol for anesthesia of lesser guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris (Rhinobatidae)

Uso de eugenol para anestesia de raia-viola Zapteryx brevirostris (Rhinobatidae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Anesthesia can be utilized as a non-lethal procedure to allow easy handling of teleosts and elasmobranchs in captivity or in the wild. For this, anesthetic protocols need to be established according to the species. The aim of this study was to determine the ideal concentration of eugenol for anesthesia of Zapteryx brevirostris. Four concentrations were tested: 21.25, 42.50, 85.00 and 170.00 mg L^-1 (ratio of 1:5 with absolute ethanol). The perfect concentration of eugenol for this species was 85.0 mg L^-1 , which enabled up to 300 seconds of work on the fish, without any response to handling.

Keywords:
sedation; anesthetic; ray; elasmobranch

Stage	Description	Observed behaviors
I	Induction	Reduction of response to external stimuli, loss of partial balance. Animal static, exhibiting contraction movements in the region of the gills, onset of pectoral fin hyperemia.
II	Excitation	Loss of movements and hyperexcitation chapters. It can lead to uncontrolled movements like a violent and uncoordinated swimming.
III	Anesthesia	Total loss of reaction to external stimuli, even if strong, almost absent ventilation, total loss of muscle tone.
IV	Overdose	Respiratory arrest, walking towards euthanasia.
	Recovery	Return of the frequency of the spiracle beats, lateral movements of the tail and dorsal fins and movement through the enclosure.

Eugenol (mg L^-1)	Induction time (Stage III)	Recovery time
21.25	> 600 s ^d	-
42.50	434.4 s ± 64.8 s ^c	328.8 s ± 50 s ^a
85.00	183.6 s ± 54 s ^b	254.4 s ± 89.4 s ^a
170.00	74.4 s ± 33 s ^a	434.4 s ± 208.2 s ^b

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[1] * e-mail: vazevedo@pesca.sp.gov.br