Watts and Zimmerman (1978Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1978). Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards. The accounting Review, LIII(1), 112-134.) |
United States (FASB) |
To evaluate, via comment letters submitted by companies, the economic incentives for participating in the elaboration of accounting standards concerning the effects of changes in the general price level. |
The conclusion was that managers have economic incentives for lobbying. |
Haring (1979Haring, J. R., Jr. (1979). Accounting rules and “the accounting establishment”. Journal of Business, 52(4), 507-519.) |
United States (FASB) |
To analyze the association between the opinions of certain interest groups and the positions adopted by the FASB with regards to eight projects. |
An association was found between the positions adopted by the FASB and those defended by the biggest auditing and accounting firms in the United States and by the FASB’s sponsors and also between the opinions of auditors and those of their clients. |
Larson (1997International Federation of Accountants. (2015b). Auditor reporting: project status. Retrieved from http://www.iaasb.org/projects/auditor-reporting
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) |
International (IASC) |
To analyze companies participation determinants in the process of issuing comments on various IASC standard setting processes. |
The vast majority of the companies that issued comment letters were among the 500 biggest corporations listed by Forbes magazine and operated internationally. |
Georgiou and Roberts (2004Georgiou, G., & Roberts, C. B. (2004). Corporate lobbying in the UK: an analysis of attitudes towards the ASB’s 1995 deferred taxation proposals. The British Accounting Review, 36(4), 441-453.) |
United Kingdom (ASB) |
To investigate, via comment letters and a questionnaire, the characteristics of lobbyist and non- lobbyist companies in the process of setting a standard on deferred tax. |
Companies against the proposal had a higher probability of having contracts with covenants, and the size of the company increases the tendency to participate in the process. |
Hansen (2011Hansen, T. B. (2011). Lobbying of the IASB: an empirical investigation. Journal of International Accounting Research, 10(2), 57-75.) |
International (IASB) |
To investigate the effectiveness of lobbying over five IASB projects, from 2002 to 2004, via analysis of more than 600 comment letters. |
The main conclusion was that the success of the lobbying is positively associated with the respondent’s capacity to convey information and that the lobbyist’s credibility and whether it is in a country that adopts IFRS both influence the IASB’s decision regarding the final standard. |
Jorissen, Lybaert, Orens, and Van Der Tas (2012Jorissen, A., Lybaert, N., Orens, R., & Van Der Tas, L. (2012). Formal participation in the IASB’s due process of standard setting: a multi-issue/multi-period analysis. European Accounting Review, 21(4), 693-729.) |
International (IASB) |
Investigation concerning lobbying strategies and incentives used and lobbyist characteristics, via an analysis of more than three thousand comment letters responding to more than 30 IASB public consultation documents. |
They identified that companies, accounting professionals, and local regulators accounted for 83% of lobbying participation. These groups acted more with regards to recognition and measurement, while users and market supervisors acted more in disclosure. |
Santos and Santos (2014Larson, R. K. (1997). Corporate lobbying of the International Accounting Standards Committee. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 8(3), 175- 203.) |
International (IASB) |
To identify the determinants of submitting comment letters as a lobbying strategy for the IASB’s extractive activities project. |
The conclusion was that the oil company’s size increases the probability of it participating in the consultation process, notably in positions against the proposals for altering IFRS 6. |