SENTt-1
|
+ |
Ali and Gurun (2009Ali, A., & Gurun, U. (2009). Investor sentiment, accruals anomaly, and accruals management. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 24(3), 415-431.), Simpson (2013Simpson, A. (2013). Does investor sentiment affect earnings management? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 40(7), 869-900.) |
MBt-1
|
+ |
Dechow et al. (1995Dechow, P., Sloan, R., & Sweeney, A. (1995). Detecting earnings management. The Accounting Review, 70(2), 193-225. ), Healy and Wahlen (1999Healy, P., & Wahlen, J. (1999). A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 365-383. ), Fields et al. (2001Fields, T., Lys, T., & Vincent, L. (2001). Empirical research on accounting choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1-3), 255-307.), Bergman and Roychowdhury (2008Bergman, N., & Roychowdhury, S. (2008). Investor sentiment and corporate disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(5), 1057-1083.), Cohen and Zarowin (2010Cohen, D. A., & Zarowin, P. (2010). Accrual-based and real earnings management activities around seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(1), 2-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.01.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.0...
), Simpson (2013Simpson, A. (2013). Does investor sentiment affect earnings management? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 40(7), 869-900.) |
ROAt-1
|
- / + |
Healy and Wahlen (1999Healy, P., & Wahlen, J. (1999). A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 365-383. ), Fields et al. (2001Fields, T., Lys, T., & Vincent, L. (2001). Empirical research on accounting choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1-3), 255-307.), Bergman and Roychowdhury (2008Bergman, N., & Roychowdhury, S. (2008). Investor sentiment and corporate disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(5), 1057-1083.), Cohen and Zarowin (2010Cohen, D. A., & Zarowin, P. (2010). Accrual-based and real earnings management activities around seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(1), 2-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.01.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.0...
) |
SIZEt-1
|
-/+ |
Bergman and Roychowdhury (2008Bergman, N., & Roychowdhury, S. (2008). Investor sentiment and corporate disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(5), 1057-1083.), Dechow et al. (2010Dechow, P. M., Ge, W., & Schrand, C. (2010). Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2-3), 344-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.0...
) |
LEVt-1
|
- / + |
Healy and Wahlen (1999Healy, P., & Wahlen, J. (1999). A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 365-383. ), Fields et al. (2001Fields, T., Lys, T., & Vincent, L. (2001). Empirical research on accounting choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1-3), 255-307.), Cohen and Zarowin (2010Cohen, D. A., & Zarowin, P. (2010). Accrual-based and real earnings management activities around seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(1), 2-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.01.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.0...
) |
∆ROAit+1
|
- / + |
Simpson (2013Simpson, A. (2013). Does investor sentiment affect earnings management? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 40(7), 869-900.) |
R_RM |
- |
Roychowdhury (2006Roychowdhury, S. (2006). Earnings management through real activities manipulation. Journal of Accounting & Economics, 42(3), 335-370.), Cohen and Zarowin (2010Cohen, D. A., & Zarowin, P. (2010). Accrual-based and real earnings management activities around seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(1), 2-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.01.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.0...
), Zang (2012Zang, A. (2012). Evidence on the trade-off between real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings management. The Accounting Review, 87(2), 675-703.) |
QTR4 |
- |
Jeter and Shivarkimar (1999Jeter, D. C., & Shivakumar, L. (1999). Cross-sectional estimation of abnormal accruals using quarterly and annual data: effectiveness in detecting event-specific earnings management. Accounting and Business Research, 29(4), 299-319.), Bown and Pinello (2007), Simpson (2013Simpson, A. (2013). Does investor sentiment affect earnings management? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 40(7), 869-900.) |