Kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation in vitro with combinations of exogenous enzymes in diets of production systems simulated

Freiria, Lucien Bissi da; Zervoudakis, Joanis Tilemahos; Paula, Nelcino Francisco de; Cabral, Luciano da Sival; Boas, Yasmim Rodrigues Vilas; Silva, Pedro Ivo Jose Lopes da Rosa e; Melo, Alan Carlos Barbosa; Possamai, Adriano Jorge

doi:10.1590/S1519-99402018000100007

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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Nutrição Animal • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 19 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402018000100007 copy

Kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation in vitro with combinations of exogenous enzymes in diets of production systems simulated¹ 1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil, trabalho financiado pela CAPES.

Parâmetros cinéticos de degradação ruminal in vitro com combinações de enzimas exógenas em dietas de sistemas de produção simulados

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

This study evaluated the effects of eight combinations of three exogenous enzymes with fibrolytic activity (FIB), amylolytic activity (AMZ), and proteolytic activity (PRO) on the accumulated gas production (PG) and kinetic parameters in simulated fermentations in two diet production systems using the in vitro gas production technique. In experiment 1, ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, kept in a feedlot and fed a diet containing a roughage:concentrate ratio of 20:80. In experiment 2, the ruminal fluid was obtained from two Santa Ines sheep, cannulated in the rumen, and kept on pasture (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The accumulated gas production was measured during a 96-hour incubation, measured at 18 different time points. After incubation, the pH, dry matter degradability, organic matter in vitro digestibility, digestibility of neutral detergent insoluble fiber, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, gas yield, short chain fatty acids and microbial protein production were determined. In the in vitro fermentation using the feedlot diet, the increased use of fibrolytic enzymes increased PG and improved the profile characteristics and kinetic parameters of the fermentation, regardless of the combination with other enzymes. In the in vitro fermentation using the forage diet, increased fibrolytic enzymes also increased PG, with improvements in the kinetic parameters and the profile of the fermentation, independent of the use of the other enzymes. The addition only of fibrolytic enzymes has major potential to optimize the use of feedlot diets as well of forage in ruminant feed.

Keywords:
amylolytic; feedlot; fibrolytic; forage; proteolytic

Ingredients, g/kg DM	Feedlot diet
Corn silage	200.0
Ground corn	540.0
Soybean meal	120.0
Soybean hulls	105.0
Mineral mix¹ 1 Mineral mix – certified levels: calcium 198g; phosphorus 60g; sodium 117 g; magnesium 5.1g; sulfur 12.6g; iodine 17.7mg; iron 425mg; selenium 10.4mg; cobalt 80mg; manganese 527mg; fluorine 600mg; copper 1000mg and zinc 3000mg.	35.0
Chemical composition
DM, g/kg	685.1
OM, g/kg in DM	941.4
CP, g/kg in DM	127.4
NDF, g/kg in DM	265.0

Comb.¹ 1 CON is control (0 mg/mL); FIB, AMZ and PRO are exogenous fibrolytic (2.4 mg/mL incubated liquid), amylolytic (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid) and proteolytic enzymes (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid), respectively; and FAP (FIB+AMZ+PRO), FA (FIB+AMZ), FP (FIB+PRO), AP (AMZ+PRO), are their respective combinations;	Parameters of gas production² 2 V1f is the volume of gas from the fraction of rapid degradation (NFC); ƙ1 is the rate of V1f (h-1); L is the latency, and T is the time (h); V2f is the gas volume of the fraction of slow degradation (B2); ƙ2 is the rate of V2f (h-1).					in vitro gas production (mL/g DM)
	V_1f	ƙ₁	L	V_2f	ƙ₁	GP6	GP12	GP24	GP48	GP72	GP96
CON	170.4	0.075	2.613^a	115.8	0.018	69.9^b	138.7^b	215.5^b	257.7^b	279.5^b	286.2^b
FAP	190.2	0.079	1.325^cd	154.2	0.021	102.5^a	183.4^a	266.6^a	319.8^a	340.7^a	344.4^a
FA	190.0	0.081	1.164^d	153.8	0.020	106.1^a	187.5^a	265.5^a	318.3^a	339.7^a	343.8^a
FP	188.0	0.080	1.086^d	154.6	0.020	106.0^a	186.0^a	264.3^a	317.3^a	338.9^a	343.2^a
AP	162.4	0.076	2.062^ab	122.0	0.018	74.3^b	141.1^b	212.0^b	255.5^b	277.6^b	284.4^b
FIB	209.2	0.075	0.803^d	140.4	0.019	111.2^a	194.9^a	275.9^a	324.1^a	344.9^a	345.6^a
AMZ	170.0	0.075	1.803^bc	119.0	0.017	78.5^b	146.8^b	217.6^b	259.5^b	281.9^b	289.2^b
PRO	168.2	0.074	1.847^b	120.2	0.018	77.3^b	145.0^b	217.4^b	260.1^b	281.9^b	288.4^b
SEM	22.56	0.008	0.169	21.69	0.002	5.19	6.89	10.53	7.67	6.87	6.32
P value	0.543	0.972	<0.001	0.712	0.644	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

Combinations² 2 CON is control (0 mg/mL); FIB, AMZ and PRO are exogenous fibrolytic (2.4 mg/mL incubated liquid), amylolytic (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid) and proteolytic enzymes (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid), respectively; and FAP (FIB+AMZ+PRO), FA (FIB+AMZ), FP (FIB+PRO), and AP (AMZ+PRO) are their respective combinations.	pH	DMD	OMD	ME	PF96	GY24	SCFA	MCP
COM	6.51	771^c	0.652^b	9.5^b	2.7^ab	302	4.76^b	300
FAP	6.46	866^a	0.745^a	10.9^a	2.5^cd	259	5.91^a	279
FA	6.47	859^ab	0.743^a	10.9^a	2.5^d	262	5.89^a	275
FP	6.47	850^ab	0.741^a	10.8^a	2.4^d	263	5.86^a	269
AP	6.54	825^b	0.648^b	9.4^b	2.9^a	271	4.70^b	358
FIB	6.46	867^a	0.761^a	11.1^a	2.5^d	264	6.12^a	261
AMZ	6.54	818^b	0.658^b	9.6^b	2.8^a	284	4.83^b	339
PRO	6.54	773^c	0.659^b	9.6^b	2.7^bc	303	4.83^b	294
SEM	0.04	11.65	0.019	0.29	0.059	13.63	0.23	25.54
P value	0.416	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.051	0.001	0.172

Comb.¹ 1 CON is control (0 mg/mL); FIB, AMZ and PRO are exogenous fibrolytic (2.4 mg/mL incubated liquid), amylolytic (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid) and proteolytic enzymes (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid), respectively, and FAP (FIB+AMZ+PRO), FA (FIB+AMZ), FP (FIB+PRO), and AP (AMZ+PRO), are their respective combinations;	² 2 a is the asymptotic gas production (mL/g DM); b is the rate of gas production (h−1); L is the lag time (h). Parameters of gas production			in vitro gas production (mL/g DM)
	A	B	L	GP6	GP12	GP24	GP48	GP72	GP96
COM	252.9^b	0.0501	7.85^a	17.7^c	25.6^d	70.1^b	177.4^d	225.5^c	243.5^b
FAP	299.2^a	0.0464	1.23^c	39.3^a	57.3^b	110.3^a	220.5^b	269.7^a	287.6^a
FA	303.7^a	0.0473	0.91^c	41.6^a	60.3^ab	116.5^a	227.9^ab	275.5^a	292.5^a
FP	304.3^a	0.0457	0.46^c	42.9^a	60.3^ab	14.2^a	224.6^ab	273.1^a	291.4^a
AP	261.8^b	0.0483	5.32^ab	23.9^bc	32.8^c	79.9^b	187.6^c	233.8^b	250.6^b
FIB	306.5^a	0.0463	0.03^c	45.2^a	63.2^a	118.6^a	229.8^a	276.7^a	294.5^a
AMZ	260.4^b	0.0468	4.55^b	25.7^b	34.5^c	79.8^b	185.9^c	231.3^bc	247.9^b
PRO	263.3^b	0.0466	4.49^b	26.0^b	34.7^c	80.5^b	187.3^c	233.0^b	250.5^b
SEM	6.02	0.0029	0.83	2.14	1.48	3.72	2.70	2.43	3.00
P value	<0.01	0.97	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

Combinations² 2 CON is control (0 mg/mL); FIB, AMZ and PRO are exogenous fibrolytic (2.4 mg/mL incubated liquid), amylolytic (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid) and proteolytic enzymes (0.10 mg/mL incubated liquid), respectively, and FAP (FIB+AMZ+PRO), FA (FIB+AMZ), FP (FIB+PRO), and AP (AMZ+PRO), are their respective combinations.	pH	DMD	OMD	NDFD	ME	PF96	GY24	SCFA	MCP
COM	6.51	758	0.248^b	433^b	5.79^b	3.1^a	87^b	1.46^b	613^a
FAP	6.46	766	0.321^a	573^a	8.19^a	2.7^c	144^a	2.44^a	524^b
FA	6.47	770	0.328^a	577^a	8.44^a	2.5^d	149^a	2.54^a	518^b
FP	6.48	768	0.324^a	577^a	8.28^a	2.6^cd	146^a	2.48^a	522^b
AP	6.54	753	0.264^b	456^b	6.34^b	3.0^b	101^b	1.69^b	586^a
FIB	6.46	766	0.331^a	525^a	8.53^a	2.6^cd	152^a	2.58^a	510^b
AMZ	6.54	762	0.264^b	449^b	6.31^b	3.1^a	100^b	1.68^b	596^a
PRO	6.54	770	0.264^b	453^b	6.32^b	3.1^a	99^b	1.68^b	604^a
EPM	0.034	5.14	0.0054	19.21	0.17	0.03	4.63	0.072	10.35
P value	0.367	0.330	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

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Kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation in vitro with combinations of exogenous enzymes in diets of production systems simulated1 1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil, trabalho financiado pela CAPES.

Parâmetros cinéticos de degradação ruminal in vitro com combinações de enzimas exógenas em dietas de sistemas de produção simulados

SUMMARY

Kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation in vitro with combinations of exogenous enzymes in diets of production systems simulated¹ 1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil, trabalho financiado pela CAPES.