Beta diversity patterns of Bromeliaceae growing on rocky cliffs within the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil

Melo, Edilaine Andrade; Waechter, Jorge Luiz

doi:10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2019-0846

Edilaine Andrade Melo ^**Corresponding author: Edilaine Andrade Melo, e-mail: edilainemel_bio@yahoo.com.br

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Laboratório de Fitoecologia e Fitogeografia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2698-8323

Jorge Luiz Waechter

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fitoecologia e Fitogeografia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5210-2389

*Corresponding author: Edilaine Andrade Melo, e-mail: edilainemel_bio@yahoo.com.br

Authors’ Contributions

Edilaine Andrade Melo: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation, contribution to manuscript preparation and Contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Jorge Luiz Waechter: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation, contribution to manuscript preparation and Contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

Figures (3)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Study area and sampled sites. Black circles represent the cliffs immersed in Evergreen forest region and red squares those immersed in Seasonal forest region. RS = Rio Grande do Sul state; SC = Santa Catarina state.

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Figure 2
Distance-based Redundancy Analysis (dbRDA) of species assemblages and environmental variables in sandstone cliffs. (dbRDA, axis 1 = 24%, axis 2 = 13%). Temperature Seasonality (AT), Annual Temperature Range (TR), and Solar Radiation (SR). White squares correspond to cliffs in Seasonal Forest and black circles correspond to cliffs in Evergreen Forest.

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Figure 3
Distance-based Redundancy Analysis (dbRDA) of species assemblages and spatial variables in sandstone cliffs. (dbRDA, axis 1 = 31%, axis 2 = 18%). Selected spatial descriptors (forward selection): MEM 1, MEM 2, MEM 3, MEM 4, MEM 16, MEM 17, MEM 18. White squares correspond to cliffs in Seasonal forest and black circles correspond to cliffs in Evergreen Forest.

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Table 1
Bromeliad species sampled on sandstone cliffs in the South Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and their frequence in Evergreen (E) and Seasonal (S) forest types.

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Table 2
Total beta diversity, i.e., Sørensen dissimilarity (βSOR) and its two components, turnover (Simpson dissimilarity, βSIM) and nestedness (βSNE) in Evergreen Forest, Seasonal Forest and Both Forest Types.

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Table 3
Explained variation (R²) of distance matrices representing effects of Solar Radiation (SR), Annual Mean Temperature (AT), Temperature Seasonality (TS), Annual Temperature Range (TR), Annual Precipitation (AP), Precipitation Seasonality (PS), and Continentality (CO) on total beta diversity (Sørensen dissimilarity, βSOR) and its turnover (Simpson dissimilarity, βSIM) and nestedness (βSNE) components of bromeliads on cliffs immersed in Evergreen Forest, Seasonal Forest and Both Forest Types.

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Table 4
Results of the partial dbRDA analysis (variation partitioning) for the composition of epilithic bromeliads growing on sandstone cliffs immersed in Atlantic Forest matrix.

			Forest Type
Subfamilies	Species	Author	E	S
Bromelioideae	Aechmea comata	(Gaudich.) Baker	2	5
	Aechmea gamosepala	Wittm.	9	0
	Aechmea nudicaulis	(L.) Griseb.	1	0
	Aechmea recurvata	(Klotzsch) L.B. Sm.	0	1
	Billbergia nutans	H. H. Wendl. ex Regel	0	5
	Billbergia zebrina	(Herb.) Lindl.	1	0
	Bromelia antiacantha	Bertol.	3	1
	Edmundoa lindenii	(Regel) Leme	2	0
	Nidularium innocentii	Lem.	1	0
	Wittrockia superba	Lindm.	6	0
Pitcairnioideae	Dyckia maritima	Baker	4	5
Tillandsiodeae	Tillandsia aeranthos	(Loisel.) L.B.Sm.	2	3
	Tillandsia gardneri	Lindl.	2	1
	Tillandsia geminiflora	Brongn.	1	1
	Tillandsia mallemontii	Glaz. ex Mez	1	0
	Tillandsia polzii	Ehlers	2	5
	Tillandsia recurvata	(L.) L.	3	1
	Tillandsia stricta	Sol.	1	0
	Tillandsia usneoides	(L.) L.	8	2
	Tillandsia xiphioides	Ker Gawl.	2	0
	Vriesea carinata	Wawra	1	0
	Vriesea friburgensis	Mez	0	2
	Vriesea gigantea	Gaudich.	8	1
	Vriesea philippocoburgii	Wawra	4	0
	Vriesea platynema	Gaudich.	2	0
	Vriesea vagans	(L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm.	1	0

Forest types	βSOR	βSIM	βSNE
Evergreen Forest	0.851	0.766	0.084
Seasonal Forest	0.900	0.847	0.053
Both Forests	0.925	0.876	0.049

	Evergreen Forest			Seasonal Forest			Both Forest Types
	βSOR	βSIM	βSNE	βSOR	βSIM	βSNE	βSOR	βSIM	βSNE
SR	0.211^ P-value < 0.01.	0.299^* * P-value < 0.05;	-	0.153^* * P-value < 0.05;	0.150^* * P-value < 0.05;	-	0.238^ P-value < 0.01.	0.292^ P-value < 0.01.	-
AT	-	-	-	0.259^ P-value < 0.01.	0.321^ P-value < 0.01.	-	0.093^ P-value < 0.01.	0.107^ P-value < 0.01.	-
TS	-	-	-	0.207^* * P-value < 0.05;	0.185^* * P-value < 0.05;	-	0.065^* * P-value < 0.05;	0.072^* * P-value < 0.05;	-
TR	0.152^* * P-value < 0.05;	0.226^* * P-value < 0.05;	-	-	-	-	0.057^* * P-value < 0.05;	0.074^* * P-value < 0.05;	-
AP	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
PS	0.029^* * P-value < 0.05;	-	-	-	-	-	0.101^ P-value < 0.01.	0.002^ P-value < 0.01.	-
CO	-	-		0.099^* * P-value < 0.05;	0.120^* * P-value < 0.05;	-	-	-	-

Partition of variation	Adj.R²	F	P-value
[a+b] = Spatial	0.586	5.644	0.001
[b+c] = Environmental	0.355	5.215	0.001
[a+b+c] = Spatial + Environmental Individual fractions	0.620	4.749	0.001
[a] = Only spatial	0.265	-	-
[b] = Environmental spatially structured	0.321	-	-
[c] = Only environmental	0.034	-	-
[d] = Residuals (Undetermined)	0.380	-	-

[1] *Corresponding author: Edilaine Andrade Melo, e-mail: edilainemel_bio@yahoo.com.br

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Beta diversity patterns of Bromeliaceae growing on rocky cliffs within the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil

Padrões de diversidade beta de Bromeliaceae crescendo em falésias rochosas dentro da Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil

Abstract: