BACKGROUND: Risk factors for atherosclerotic disease acting on natural history are well established, as well as the benefits of physical training in the treatment of intermittent claudication (IC). However, current data do not provide enough information about the relationship between clinical limitations and risk factors and the performance of physical training and its implications on the evolution and mortality of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare the claudication distance and survival of patients with IC throughout time in a specific outpatient setting, with or without limitation for exercises. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed to review the protocols of 185 patients and 469 returns, from 1999 to 2005, evaluating demographic data, average claudication distance and death. The data were analyzed using the software Epi-Info, version 3.2, and SAS, version 8.2. RESULTS: Mean age was 60.9±11.1 years; 61.1% were males and 38.9% were females; 87% were Caucasians and 13% were non-Caucasians. Associated risk factors were hypertension (69.7%), smoking (44.3%), dyslipidemia (32.4%), and diabetes (28.6%). For the patients with claudicating distance lower than 500 m, mean initial distance was 154.0±107.6 m and final distance was 199.8±120.5 m. About 45% of the patients had some clinical limitation to perform the prescribed exercise program, such as angina (26.0%), stroke (4.3%), osteoarthrosis (3.8%), previous minor or major amputation (2.1%), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.6%). About 11.4% of the patients had previous myocardial infarction, and 5.4% of them were using cardiotonic drugs. Mean follow-up time was 16.0±14.4 months. Mean claudication distance increased 100% (418.47 to 817.74 m) throughout 2 years in the group without limitation (p < 0.001) and in nonsmokers (p < 0.001). Survival rate of patients with IC was significantly reduced in the group with limitation for exercises. Logistic regression analysis showed that limitation to exercises was the single factor significantly influencing mortality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Proper and regular exercises and quitting smoking improve claudication distance and reduce mortality rates of these patients, whether by the positive effects of exercises or by controlling risk factors and their adverse effects.
Intermittent claudication; atherosclerosis; exercise therapy; risk factors
