Lower limb vascular dysfunction in cyclists

Alencar, Thiago Ayala Melo Di; Matias, Karinna Ferreira de Sousa; Aguiar, Bruno do Couto

doi:10.1590/S1677-54492013000200009

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Jornal Vascular Brasileiro

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Review Article • J. Vasc. Bras. 12 (2) • June 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492013000200009 copy

Lower limb vascular dysfunction in cyclists

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Sports-related vascular insufficiency affecting the lower limbs is uncommon, and early signs and symptoms can be confused with musculoskeletal injuries. This is also the case among professional cyclists, who are always at the threshold between endurance and excess training. The aim of this review was to analyze the occurrence of vascular disorders in the lower limbs of cyclists and to discuss possible etiologies. Eighty-five texts, including papers and books, published from 1950 to 2012, were used. According to the literature reviewed, some cyclists receive a late diagnosis of vascular dysfunction due to a lack of familiarity of the medical team with this type of dysfunction. Data revealed that a reduced blood flow in the external iliac artery, especially on the left, is much more common than in the femoral and popliteal arteries, and that vascular impairment is responsible for the occurrence of early fatigue and reduced performance in cycling.

cycling; peripheral arteriopathy; blood flow; stenosis

Author	Year	Vascular disease						Level	Age	Sex
Author	Year	C.I.A.	E.I.A.	E.I.V.	C.F.A.	P.F.A.	P.A.	Level	Age	Sex

Boyd and Jepson¹³	1950		•^l					Amateur	23	Men
Walder et al.¹⁴	1984		•^r					Professional	d. n. i.	Men
			•^r					Professional	d. n. i.	Men
Mosimann, Walder and Van Melle¹⁵	1985		•^r					Professional	23	Men
			•^l					Professional	24	Men
Chevalier et al.³	1986		•^l					Amateur and professional	23 to 31^ψ	Men
			•^r					Amateur and professional
Pils et al.¹⁶	1990		•^r					Professional	28	Men
Rousselet et al.¹⁷	1990		•^l,r					Amateur and professional	22	Men
			•^l						23 to 47^α	Men
			•^r						23 to 34^β	Men
			•^l						34	Women
Pillet et al.¹⁸	1992				•^l			Recreational	56	Men
Abraham et al.¹⁹	1993		•^r					Semiprofessional	20 to 49^π	Men
			•^l
			•^l,r
Cook et al.²⁰	1995		•^l					Professional	45	Men
Hindryckx et al.²¹	1996		•^r					Professional	32	Men
Taylor et al.²²	1997		•^l					Amateur	32	Men
Abraham, Chevalier and Saumet²³	1997		•^r					Professional	22	Men
Brousse et al.²⁴	1997		•^r					Amateur	49	Men
Brousse et al.²⁴	1997		•^l,r					Semiprofessional	53	Men
Wille et al.²⁵	1998		•^l					Amateur	24	Men
			•^l						24	Men
			•^l		•^l				21	Men
			•^r						47	Men
Abraham et al.²⁶	1999		•^l					Professional	18	Men
Speedy et al.²⁷	2000		•^l					Professional	36	Men
Paraf et al.⁵	2000		•^l,r					Amateur	44	Men
Wijesinghe et al.²⁸	2001		•^r					Professional	28	Women
Arko et al.²⁹	2001		•^l					Professional	d. n. i.	Men
Kral et al.³⁰	2002		•^l,r					Professional	24 to 37^µ	Women
Sarfati et al.³¹	2002				•^l			Recreational	13	Men
					•^l			Recreational	9	Men
O'Ceallaigh et al.³²	2002		•^r					Semiprofessional	34	Men
Teh et al.³³	2003	•^r						Semiprofessional	60	Men
Bredt et al.³⁴	2003				•^r			Recreational	14	Men
Sandri et al.³⁵	2003				•^l			Recreational	23	Men
Scheerder, Schütte and Schnater³⁶	2006		•^l					Amateur	26	Men
Shankar, Roskell and Darby³⁷	2006		•^l					Amateur	30	Men
Takach et al.³⁸	2006		•^l					Amateur	47	Men
Giannoukas et al.³⁹	2006		•^r					Professional	25	Women
			•^r					Amateur	47	Men
Moore and Krabak¹⁰	2007						•^r	Recreational	59	Men
Korsten-Reck et al.⁸	2007		•^l,r					Professional	27	Women
Halena, Kwiatkowski and Znaniecki⁴⁰	2007						•^l	Amateur	16	Men
Carmo et al.⁴¹	2008		•^r					Semiprofessional	31	Women
							•^r	Amateur	44	Men
McAree et al.⁴²	2008						•^l,r	Professional	33	Men
Venstermans et al.⁴³	2009		•^l					Professional	25	Men
Willson et al.⁴⁴	2010		•^r					Amateur	47	Men
Mathew et al.⁴⁵	2010					•^l		Amateur	66	Men
						•^r		Semiprofessional	53	Men
Salam, Chung and Milner⁴⁶	2010			•^l				Amateur	70	Men
Getzin and Silberman⁹	2010		•^l					Professional	32	Men
Vizcaíno et al.⁴⁷	2010		•^r					Amateur	39	Men
Bucci, Ottaviani and Plagnol⁴⁸	2011		•^r					Semiprofessional	38	Men
Gaughen Jr.⁴⁹	2011		•^l					Amateur	27	Men
Barrett⁵⁰	2011a		•^r					Amateur	37	Women
Weislo⁵¹	2011		•^l					Professional	28	Men
Aubrey⁵²	2011		•^l					Professional	21	Men
Rezk and Drott⁵³	2011		•^l					Professional	46	Men
Mughal, Rashid and Mavor⁵⁴	2011				•^l,r			Amateur	59	Men
Bettega et al.⁵⁵	2011						•^l,r	Amateur	18	Men
Politano et al.⁵⁶	2011						•^r	Amateur	55	Men
Flors et al.⁵⁷	2011		•^l					Semiprofessional	25	Men
			•^l,r					Professional	38	Women
			•^l,r					Amateur	36	Men
			•^l,r					Professional	26	Men
			•^l,r		•^l,r			Amateur	43	Women
			•^l,r					Professional	33	Men
			•^l,r					Semiprofessional	26	Women
					•^l			Amateur	39	Women
			•^l					Semiprofessional	55	Men
			•^l					Amateur	35	Women
Nakamura et al.⁵⁸	2011		•^l	•^l				Amateur	57	Men
Sarlon-Bartoli et al.⁵⁹	2012		•^r					Semiprofessional	56	Women
Politano et al.⁶⁰	2012		15•^l					Professional	23 to 54	14 Men^γ11 Women^γ
			8•^r
			4•^l,r

Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV) Rua Estela, 515, bloco E, conj. 21, Vila Mariana, CEP04011-002 - São Paulo, SP, Tel.: (11) 5084.3482 / 5084.2853 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: secretaria@sbacv.org.br

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[1] TAMA is a physical therapist at Clínica Fisio Vitale and Studio Bike Fit, graduated from Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG). He is a specialist in Traumato-Orthopedic Physical Therapy.

KFSM has a degree in Global Postural Re-education and is a specialist in Acupuncture.

BCA is a resident physician at the Traumatology and Orthopedic Unit at Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, graduated in Medicine from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN).