Comparison of deflection forces of esthetic archwires combined with ceramic brackets

MATIAS, Murilo; FREITAS, Marcos Roberto de; FREITAS, Karina Maria Salvatore de; JANSON, Guilherme; HIGA, Rodrigo Hitoshi; FRANCISCONI, Manoela Fávaro

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0220

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Journal of Applied Oral Science

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Original Articles • J. Appl. Oral Sci. 26 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0220 copy

Comparison of deflection forces of esthetic archwires combined with ceramic brackets^* * This article is based on research submitted by Dr. Murilo Matias in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Orthodontics MSc at Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Coated archwires and ceramic brackets have been developed to improve facial esthetics during orthodontic treatment. However, their mechanical behavior has been shown to be different from metallic archwires and brackets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the deflection forces in coated nickel-titanium (NiTi) and esthetic archwires combined with ceramic brackets.

Material and Methods

Non-coated NiTi (NC), rhodium coated NiTi (RC), teflon coated NiTi (TC), epoxy coated NiTi (EC), fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), and the three different conventional brackets metal-insert polycrystalline ceramic (MI-PC), polycrystalline ceramic (PC) and monocrystalline ceramic (MC) were used. The specimens were set up on a clinical simulation device and evaluated in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron). An acrylic device, representative of the right maxillary central incisor was buccolingually activated and the unloading forces generated were recorded at 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 mm. The speed of the testing machine was 2 mm/min. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to compare the different archwires and brackets.

Results

The brackets presented the following decreasing force ranking: monocrystalline, polycrystalline and polycrystalline metal-insert. The decreasing force ranking of the archwires was: rhodium coated NiTi (RC), non-coated NiTi (NC), teflon coated NiTi (TC), epoxy coated NiTi (EC) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). At 3 mm of unloading the FRP archwire had a plastic deformation and produced an extremely low force in 2; 1 and 0.5 mm of unloading.

Conclusion

Combinations of the evaluated archwires and brackets will produce a force ranking proportional to the combination of their individual force rankings.

Orthodontic archwires; Orthodontic brackets; Esthetics; Coating

Deflection (mm)	Polycrystalline (PC)	Metal-insert Polycrystalline (MI-PC)	Monocrystalline (MC)	p
	Force (cN)	Force (cN)	Force (cN)
	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)
Non-coated NiTi (NC)
3.0	405.69 (5.66)^A	390.33 (18.67)^A	460.48 (27.92)^B	0.000000*
2.0	268.38 (5.93)^A	280.20 (9.80)^A	259.80 (14.97)^B	0.001104*
1.0	176.29 (19.38)	174.99 (20.22)	195.09 (19.88)	0.055872
0.5	52.75 (30.05)	56.55 (25.37)	61.98 (28.51)	0.779911
Rhodium coated NiTi (RC)
3.0	428.49 (23.86)^A	408.60 (37.42)^A	465.88 (23.59)^B	0.000549*
2.0	308.59 (34.47)	303.04 (39.63)	277.31 (23.89)	0.100181
1.0	187.16 (13.70)^A,B	173.20 (15.54)^A	198.86 (12.74)^B	0.001489*
0.5	24.42 (15.40)^A	52.91 (27.38)^B	66.52 (26.48)^B	0.001647*
Teflon coated NiTi (TC)
3.0	403.73 (25.46)^A	392.90 (6.46)^A	434.05 (27.23)^B	0.000739*
2.0	279.29 (19.52)^A	287.67 (15.39)^A	256.09 (16.68)^B	0.001042*
1.0	128.95 (48.39)^A	195.05 (19.13)^B	159.52 (31.83)^A,B	0.001125*
0.5	41.83 (33.54)^A	82.99 (27.76)^B	27.14 (32.50)^A	0.001356*
Epoxy coated NiTi (EC)
3.0	297.45 (16.03)^A,B	292.07 (19.28) A	321.19 (30.29)^B	0.018297*
2.0	131.72 (13.12)	125.11 (5.67)	122.27 (9.55)	0.110971
1.0	122.60 (18.59)	128.67 (14.37)	126.00 (9.64)	0.654518
0.5	32.55 (17.58)	29.04 (27.58)	34.96 (24.44)	0.853368
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)
3.0	214.24 (32.77)^A,B	194.96 (21.66)^A	240.87 (31.98)^B	0.048559*
2.0	29.90 (15.63)^A	28.30 (18.15)^A	31.80 (7.36)^A	0.916206
1.0	14.21 (8.08)^A	12.98 (13.67)^A	7.84 (9.54)^A	0.562287
0.5	0.16 (0.88)^A	1.36 (6.71)^A	0.53 (4.17)^A	0.772254

Deflection (mm)	Non-coated (NC)	Rhodium coated (RC)	Teflon coated (TC)	Epoxy coated (EC)	Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)	p
	Force (cN)	Force (cN)	Force (cN)	Force (cN)	Force (cN)
	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)
Metal-insert Polycrystalline ceramic (MI-PC)
3.0	405.69 (5.66)^A	428.49(23.89)^A	403.73 (25.46)^A	297.45 (16.03)^C	214.24 (32.77)^B	0.000000*
2.0	268.38 (5.93)^A	308.59 (34.47)^D	279.29 (19.52)^A	131.72 (13.12)^C	29.90 (15.63)^B	0.000000*
1.0	176.29(19.38)^B	187.16 (13.70)^B	128.95 (48.39)^A	122.60 (18.59)^A	14.21 (8.08)^C	0.000000*
0.5	52.75 (30.05)^A	24.42 (15.40)^A,B	41.83 (33.54)^A	32.55 (17.58)^A,B	0.16 (0.88)^B	0.001637*
Polycrystalline ceramic (PC)
3.0	390.33 (18.67)^A	408.60 (37.42)^A	392.90 (6.46)^A	292.07 (19.28)^C	194.96 (21.66)^B	0.000000*
2.0	280.20 (9.80)^A	303.04 (39.63)^A	287.67 (15.39)^A	125.11 (5.67)^C	28.30 (18.15)^B	0.000000*
1.0	174.99 (20.22)^A,B	173.20 (15.54)^A	195.05 (19.13)^B	128.67 (14.37)^D	12.98 (13.67)^C	0.000000*
0.5	56.55 (25.37)^A,B	52.91 (27.38)^A,B	82.99 (27.76)^B	29.04 (27.58)^A,C	1.36 (6.71)^C	0.000002*
Monocrystalline ceramic (MC)
3.0	460.48 (27.92)^A	465.88 (23.59)^A	434.05 (27.23)^A	321.19 (30.29)^C	240.87 (31.98)^B	0.000000*
2.0	259.80 (14.97)^A,B	277.31 (23.89)^B	256.09 (16.68)^A	122.27 (9.55)^D	31.80 (7.36)^C	0.000000*
1.0	195.09 (19.88)^A	198.86 (12.74)^A	159.52 (31.83)^D	126.00 (9.64)^C	7.84 (9.54)^B	0.000000*
0.5	61.98 (32.02)^B	66.52 (26.48)^B	27.14 (32.50)^A	34.96 (24.44)^A,B	0.53 (4.17)^A	0.000080*

Faculdade De Odontologia De Bauru - USP Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação FOB-USP, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 14 32358373 - Bauru - SP - Brazil
E-mail: jaos@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding address:Murilo Matias. Universidade de São Paulo - Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva.. Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 - Bauru - SP - 17012-901 - Brazil.Phone - Fax: 55 14 3234 4480. e-mail: mts78@usp.br

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Comparison of deflection forces of esthetic archwires combined with ceramic brackets* * This article is based on research submitted by Dr. Murilo Matias in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Orthodontics MSc at Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo.

Abstract

Material and Methods

Results

Conclusion

Comparison of deflection forces of esthetic archwires combined with ceramic brackets^* * This article is based on research submitted by Dr. Murilo Matias in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Orthodontics MSc at Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo.