Aam-KTX |
α-KTx 3.12 |
Androctonus amoreuxi
|
Kaliotoxin analog |
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
1.1 |
[9797. Abbas N, Belghazi M, Abdel-Mottaleb Y, Tytgat J, Bougis PE, Martin-Eauclaire MF. A new Kaliotoxin selective towards Kv1.3 and Kv1.2 but not Kv1.1 channels expressed in oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;376(3):525-30.] |
ADWX-1* |
α-KTx |
B. martensii
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
0.001 |
[9898. Han S, Yi H, Yin SJ, Chen ZY, Liu H, Cao ZJ, et al. Structural basis of a potent peptide inhibitor designed for Kv1.3 channel, a therapeutic target of autoimmune disease. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(27):19058-65.] |
AgTX-1 |
α-KTx 3.4 |
L. quinuqestriatus var. hebraeus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
1.7 |
[9999. Garcia ML, Garcia-Calvo M, Hidalgo P, Lee A, MacKinnon R. Purification and characterization of three inhibitors of voltage-dependent K+ channels from Leiurus quinquestriatus var. hebraeus venom. Biochemistry. 1994;33(22):6834-9.] |
AgTX-2 |
α-KTx 3.2 |
L. quinuqestriatus var. hebraeus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes/ In vitro L929 mouse fibroblast and Human T-lymphocytes |
0.004 |
[9999. Garcia ML, Garcia-Calvo M, Hidalgo P, Lee A, MacKinnon R. Purification and characterization of three inhibitors of voltage-dependent K+ channels from Leiurus quinquestriatus var. hebraeus venom. Biochemistry. 1994;33(22):6834-9., 100100. Anangi R, Koshy S, Huq R, Beeton C, Chuang WJ, King GF. Recombinant expression of margatoxin and agitoxin-2 in Pichia pastoris: an efficient method for production of KV1.3 channel blockers. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52965.] |
Anuroctoxin* |
α-KTx 6.12 |
Anuroctonus phaiodactylus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes |
0.73 |
[101101. Bagdány M, Batista CV, Valdez-Cruz NA, Somodi S, Rodriguez de la Vega RC, Licea AF, et al. Anuroctoxin, a new scorpion toxin of the alpha-KTx 6 subfamily, is highly selective for Kv1.3 over IKCa1 ion channels of human T lymphocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 2005;67(4):1034-44.] |
BmK86* |
α-KTx 26.1 |
Mesobuthus martensii Karsch |
|
Electrophysiological experiments with COS7 cells cells |
150 |
[102102. Mao X, Cao Z, Yin S, Ma Y, Wu Y, Li W. Cloning and characterization of BmK86, a novel K+ -channel blocker from scorpion venom. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;360(4):728-34.] |
BmKTT-1 |
δ-KTx 2.4 |
Buthus martensii
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
129.7 |
[103103. Chen ZY, Hu YT, Yang WS, He YW, Feng J, Wang B, et al. Hg1, novel peptide inhibitor specific for Kv1.3 channels from first scorpion kunitz-type potassium channel toxin family. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):13813-21.] |
BmKTT-2 |
δ-KTx 3.1 |
Buthus martensii
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
371.3 |
[103103. Chen ZY, Hu YT, Yang WS, He YW, Feng J, Wang B, et al. Hg1, novel peptide inhibitor specific for Kv1.3 channels from first scorpion kunitz-type potassium channel toxin family. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):13813-21.] |
BmKTT-3 |
δ-KTx 1.2 |
Buthus martensii
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
> 1000 |
[103103. Chen ZY, Hu YT, Yang WS, He YW, Feng J, Wang B, et al. Hg1, novel peptide inhibitor specific for Kv1.3 channels from first scorpion kunitz-type potassium channel toxin family. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):13813-21.] |
BmKTX* |
α-KTx |
B. martensi Karsch
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
0.09 |
[104104. Chen Z, Hu Y, Hu J, Yang W, Sabatier JM, De Waard M, et al. Unusual binding mode of scorpion toxin BmKTX onto potassium channels relies on its distribution of acidic residues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;447(1):70-6.] |
BmP01 |
α-KTx 8.2 |
Mesobuthus martensii
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
133.72 |
[105105. Zhu S, Peigneur S, Gao B, Luo L, Jin D, Zhao Y, et al. Molecular diversity and functional evolution of scorpion potassium channel toxins. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011;10(2):M110.002832.] |
BmP02 |
α-KTx 9.1 |
Mesobuthus martensii
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
7 |
[106106. Zhu L, Gao B, Luo L, Zhu S. Two dyad-free Shaker-type K⁺ channel blockers from scorpion venom. Toxicon. 2012;59(3):402-7.] |
BmP03 |
α-KTx 9.2 |
Mesobuthus martensii
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
85.4 |
[106106. Zhu L, Gao B, Luo L, Zhu S. Two dyad-free Shaker-type K⁺ channel blockers from scorpion venom. Toxicon. 2012;59(3):402-7.] |
BmTX1 |
α-KTx 1.5 |
Buthus martensii
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
1.5 |
[107107. Romi-Lebrun R, Lebrun B, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Ishiguro M, Escoubas P, Wu FQ, et al. Purification, characterization, and synthesis of three novel toxins from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi, which act on K+ channels. Biochemistry. 1997;36(44):13473-82.] |
BmTX2 |
α-KTx 1.6 |
Buthus martensii
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
1.6 |
[107107. Romi-Lebrun R, Lebrun B, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Ishiguro M, Escoubas P, Wu FQ, et al. Purification, characterization, and synthesis of three novel toxins from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi, which act on K+ channels. Biochemistry. 1997;36(44):13473-82.] |
BoiTx1 |
α-KTx 3.10 |
Buthus occitanus israelis
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
3.5 |
[108108. Kozminsky-Atias A, Somech E, Zilberberg N. Isolation of the first toxin from the scorpion Buthus occitanus israelis showing preference for Shaker potassium channels. FEBS Lett. 2007;581(13):2478-84.] |
BuTX |
α-KTx 12.2 |
Tityus trivittatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
0.55 |
[3434. Cerni FA , Pucca MB, Peigneur S, Cremonez CM, Bordon KC, Tytgat J, et al. Electrophysiological characterization of Ts6 and Ts7, K⁺ channel toxins isolated through an improved Tityus serrulatus venom purification procedure. Toxins (Basel). 2014;6(3):892-913., 109109. Coronas FV, de Roodt AR, Portugal TO, Zamudio FZ, Batista CV, Gómez-Lagunas F, Possani LD. Disulfide bridges and blockage of Shaker B K(+)-channels by another butantoxin peptide purified from the Argentinean scorpion Tityus trivittatus. Toxicon. 2003;41(2):173-9., 110110. Pimenta AM, Mansuelle P, Diniz CR, Martin-Eauclaire MF. Covalent structure and some pharmacological features of native and cleaved alpha-KTx12-1, a four disulfide-bridged toxin from Tityus serrulatus venom. J Pept Sci. 2003;9(2):132-40.] |
Ce1* |
α-KTx 2.8 |
Centruroides elegans
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human T lymphocytes |
0.7 |
[111111. Olamendi-Portugal T, Somodi S, Fernández JA, Zamudio FZ, Becerril B, Varga Z, et al. Novel alpha-KTx peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides elegans selectively blockade Kv1.3 over IKCa1 K+ channels of T cells. Toxicon. 2005;46(4):418-29.] |
Ce2* |
α-KTx 2.9 |
Centruroides elegans
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human T lymphocytes |
0.25 |
[111111. Olamendi-Portugal T, Somodi S, Fernández JA, Zamudio FZ, Becerril B, Varga Z, et al. Novel alpha-KTx peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides elegans selectively blockade Kv1.3 over IKCa1 K+ channels of T cells. Toxicon. 2005;46(4):418-29.] |
Ce3 |
α-KTx 2.10 |
Centruroides elegans
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human T lymphocytes |
366 |
[111111. Olamendi-Portugal T, Somodi S, Fernández JA, Zamudio FZ, Becerril B, Varga Z, et al. Novel alpha-KTx peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides elegans selectively blockade Kv1.3 over IKCa1 K+ channels of T cells. Toxicon. 2005;46(4):418-29.] |
Ce4* |
α-KTx 2.11 |
Centruroides elegans
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human T lymphocytes |
0.98 |
[111111. Olamendi-Portugal T, Somodi S, Fernández JA, Zamudio FZ, Becerril B, Varga Z, et al. Novel alpha-KTx peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides elegans selectively blockade Kv1.3 over IKCa1 K+ channels of T cells. Toxicon. 2005;46(4):418-29.] |
Ce5 |
α-KTx 2.12 |
Centruroides elegans
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human T lymphocytes |
69 |
[111111. Olamendi-Portugal T, Somodi S, Fernández JA, Zamudio FZ, Becerril B, Varga Z, et al. Novel alpha-KTx peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides elegans selectively blockade Kv1.3 over IKCa1 K+ channels of T cells. Toxicon. 2005;46(4):418-29.] |
Charybdotoxin |
α-KTx 1.1 |
L. quinquestriatus hebraeus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with mammalian cell line that presents cloned Kv1.3 channels |
2.6 |
[112112. Grissmer S, Nguyen AN, Aiyar J, Hanson DC, Mather RJ, Gutman GA, et al. Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Mol Pharmacol. 1994;45(6):1227-34.] |
CoTx1 |
α-KTx 10.1 |
Centruroides noxius
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Rat brain synaptosomes |
5.3 |
[113113. Jouirou B, Mosbah A, Visan V, Grissmer S, M’Barek S, Fajloun Z, et al. Cobatoxin 1 from Centruroides noxius scorpion venom: chemical synthesis, three-dimensional structure in solution, pharmacology and docking on K+ channels. Biochem J. 2004;377(Pt 1):37-49.] |
Css20* |
α-KTx 2.13 |
Centruroides suffusus suffuses
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes |
7.2 |
[114114. Corzo G, Papp F, Varga Z, Barraza O, Espino-Solis PG, Rodriguez de la Vega RC, et al. A selective blocker of Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 potassium channels from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides suffusus suffusus. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008;76(9):1142-54.] |
Ctri18* |
α-KTx 15 |
Chaerilus tricostatus
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
ND |
[115115. Ding L, Chen J, Hao J, Zhang J, Huang X, Hu F, et al. Discovery of three toxin peptides with Kv1.3 channel and IL-2 cytokine-inhibiting activities from Non-Buthidae scorpions, Chaerilus tricostatus and Chaerilus tryznai. Peptides. 2017;91:13-9.] |
Ctri9577* |
α-KTx 15.10 |
Chaerilus tricostatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
0.49 |
[116116. Xie S, Feng J, Yu C, Li Z, Wu Y, Cao Z, et al. Identification of a new specific Kv1.3 channel blocker, Ctri9577, from the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus. Peptides. 2012;36(1):94-9.] |
Ctry2908* |
α-KTx 15 |
Chaerilus tryznai
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
ND |
[115115. Ding L, Chen J, Hao J, Zhang J, Huang X, Hu F, et al. Discovery of three toxin peptides with Kv1.3 channel and IL-2 cytokine-inhibiting activities from Non-Buthidae scorpions, Chaerilus tricostatus and Chaerilus tryznai. Peptides. 2017;91:13-9.] |
Ctry68* |
α-KTx 15 |
Chaerilus tryznai
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
ND |
[115115. Ding L, Chen J, Hao J, Zhang J, Huang X, Hu F, et al. Discovery of three toxin peptides with Kv1.3 channel and IL-2 cytokine-inhibiting activities from Non-Buthidae scorpions, Chaerilus tricostatus and Chaerilus tryznai. Peptides. 2017;91:13-9.] |
Hemitoxin |
α-KTx 6.15 |
Hemiscorpius lepturus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
2 |
[117117. Srairi-Abid N, Shahbazzadeh D, Chatti I, Mlayah-Bellalouna S, Mejdoub H, Borchani L, et al. Hemitoxin, the first potassium channel toxin from the venom of the Iranian scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus. FEBS J. 2008;275(18):4641-50.] |
Hetlaxin* |
Data not shown |
Heterometrus laoticus
|
|
Competitive binding experiments with chimeric KcsA-Kv1.3 |
410 |
[118118. Hoang AN, Vo HD, Vo NP, Kudryashova KS, Nekrasova OV, Feofanov AV, et al. Vietnamese Heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom: evidence for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and isolation of new polypeptide toxin acting on Kv1.3 potassium channel. Toxicon. 2014;77:40-8.] |
HeTx204 |
κ-KTx 2.8 |
Heterometrus petersii
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
ND |
[119119. Chen ZY, Zeng DY, Hu YT, He YW, Pan N, Ding JP, et al. Structural and functional diversity of acidic scorpion potassium channel toxins. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35154.] |
Hg1* |
δ-KTx 1.1 |
Hadrurus gertschi
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
6.2 |
[103103. Chen ZY, Hu YT, Yang WS, He YW, Feng J, Wang B, et al. Hg1, novel peptide inhibitor specific for Kv1.3 channels from first scorpion kunitz-type potassium channel toxin family. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):13813-21., 120120. Schwartz EF, Diego-Garcia E, Rodríguez de la Vega RC, Possani LD. Transcriptome analysis of the venom gland of the Mexican scorpion Hadrurus gertschi (Arachnida: Scorpiones). BMC Genomics. 2007;8:119., 121121. Zhao R, Dai H, Qiu S, Li T, He Y, Ma Y, et al. SdPI, the first functionally characterized Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from scorpion venom. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27548.] |
Hongotoxin |
α-KTx 2.5 |
Centruroides limbatus
|
|
Inhibition of 86Rb+ flux in HEK293 cells |
0.086 |
[122122. Koschak A, Bugianesi RM, Mitterdorfer J, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML, Knaus HG. Subunit composition of brain voltage-gated potassium channels determined by hongotoxin-1, a novel peptide derived from Centruroides limbatus venom. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(5):2639-44.] |
HsTx1#
|
α-KTx 6.3 |
Heterometrus spinnifer
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with L929 cells/ In vivo assay using DTH reaction, Lewis rat / In vivo assay using Pristane-induced arthritis model, Dark Agouti rats |
0.011 |
[123123. Regaya I, Beeton C, Ferrat G, Andreotti N, Darbon H, De Waard M, et al. Evidence for domain-specific recognition of SK and Kv channels by MTX and HsTx1 scorpion toxins. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:55690-6., 124124. Tanner MR, Tajhya RB, Huq R, Gehrmann EJ, Rodarte KE, Atik MA, et al. Prolonged immunomodulation in inflammatory arthritis using the selective Kv1.3 channel blocker HsTX1[R14A] and its PEGylated analog. Clin Immunol. 2017;180:45-57.] |
HsTx1[R14A]* |
Data not shown |
Heterometrus spinnifer
|
Synthetic peptide |
Electrophysiological experiments with L929 cells |
0.027 |
[124124. Tanner MR, Tajhya RB, Huq R, Gehrmann EJ, Rodarte KE, Atik MA, et al. Prolonged immunomodulation in inflammatory arthritis using the selective Kv1.3 channel blocker HsTX1[R14A] and its PEGylated analog. Clin Immunol. 2017;180:45-57.] |
ImKtx1* |
λ-KTx 1.1 |
Isometrus maculates
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
1700 |
[125125. Chen Z, Hu Y, Han S, Yin S, He Y, Wu Y, et al. ImKTx1, a new Kv1.3 channel blocker with a unique primary structure. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2011;25(4):244-51.] |
ImKTX88*#
|
α-KTx |
Isometrus maculates
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells/ In vivo experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice |
0.091 |
[126126. Han S, Hu Y, Zhang R, Yi H, Wei J, Wu Y, et al. ImKTx88, a novel selective Kv1.3 channel blocker derived from the scorpion Isometrus maculates. Toxicon. 2011;57(2):348-55., 127127. Huang J, Han S, Sun Q, Zhao Y, Liu J, Yuan X, et al. Kv1.3 channel blocker (ImKTx88) maintains blood-brain barrier in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Biosci. 2017;7:31.] |
J123* |
α-KTx 11.5 |
Buthus martensii Karsch
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
0.79 |
[128128. Shijin Y, Hong Y, Yibao M, Zongyun C, Han S, Yingliang W, et al. Characterization of a new Kv1.3 channel-specific blocker, J123, from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch. Peptides. 2008;29(9):1514-20.] |
Kaliotoxin#
|
α-KTx 3.1 |
Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with mammalian cell line that presents cloned Kv1.3 channels/ In vivo rat periodontal disease model |
0.65 |
[112112. Grissmer S, Nguyen AN, Aiyar J, Hanson DC, Mather RJ, Gutman GA, et al. Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Mol Pharmacol. 1994;45(6):1227-34., 129129. Valverde P, Kawai T, Taubman MA. Selective blockade of voltage-gated potassium channels reduces inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontal disease. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19(1):155-64.] |
Kbot1 |
α-KTx 9.5 |
Buthus occitanus tunetanus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
15 |
[130130. Mahjoubi-Boubaker B, Crest M, Khalifa RB, El Ayeb M, Kharrat R. Kbot1, a three disulfide bridges toxin from Buthus occitanus tunetanus venom highly active on both SK and Kv channels. Peptides. 2004;25(4):637-45.] |
κ-Hefutoxin1 |
κ-KTx 1.1 |
Heterometrus fulvipes
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
40000 |
[131131. Srinivasan KN, Sivaraja V, Huys I, Sasaki T, Cheng B, Kumar TK, et al. kappa-Hefutoxin1, a novel toxin from the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes with unique structure and function. Importance of the functional diad in potassium channel selectivity. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(33):30040-7.] |
LmKTT-1a |
δ-KTx 2.1 |
Lychas mucronatus
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
> 1000 |
[103103. Chen ZY, Hu YT, Yang WS, He YW, Feng J, Wang B, et al. Hg1, novel peptide inhibitor specific for Kv1.3 channels from first scorpion kunitz-type potassium channel toxin family. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):13813-21., 132132. Bayrhuber M, Vijayan V, Ferber M, Graf R, Korukottu J, Imperial J, et al. Conkunitzin-S1 is the first member of a new Kunitz-type neurotoxin family. Structural and functional characterization. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(25):23766-70.] |
LmKTT-1b |
δ-KTx 2.2 |
Lychas mucronatus
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
> 1000 |
[103103. Chen ZY, Hu YT, Yang WS, He YW, Feng J, Wang B, et al. Hg1, novel peptide inhibitor specific for Kv1.3 channels from first scorpion kunitz-type potassium channel toxin family. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):13813-21., 132132. Bayrhuber M, Vijayan V, Ferber M, Graf R, Korukottu J, Imperial J, et al. Conkunitzin-S1 is the first member of a new Kunitz-type neurotoxin family. Structural and functional characterization. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(25):23766-70.] |
LmKTT-1c |
δ-KTx 2.3 |
Lychas mucronatus
|
Recombinant |
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
> 1000 |
[103103. Chen ZY, Hu YT, Yang WS, He YW, Feng J, Wang B, et al. Hg1, novel peptide inhibitor specific for Kv1.3 channels from first scorpion kunitz-type potassium channel toxin family. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):13813-21.] |
LmKTx10* |
α-KTx 12.5 |
Lychas mucronatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
28 |
[133133. Liu J, Ma Y, Yin S, Zhao R, Fan S, Hu Y, et al. Molecular cloning and functional identification of a new K(+) channel blocker, LmKTx10, from the scorpion Lychas mucronatus. Peptides. 2009;30(4):675-80.] |
LmKTx8* |
α-KTx 11.4 |
Lychas mucronatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with COS7 cells |
26.4 |
[134134. Wu W, Yin S, Ma Y, Wu YL, Zhao R, Gan G, et al. Molecular cloning and electrophysiological studies on the first K(+) channel toxin (LmKTx8) derived from scorpion Lychas mucronatus. Peptides. 2007;28:2306-12.] |
Margatoxin*#
|
α-KTx 2.2 |
Centruroides margaritatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes/ In vitro human lung cancer A549/ In vivo-xenograft assay, nude mice |
~0.030 |
[135135. Garcia-Calvo M, Leonard RJ, Novick J, Stevens SP, Schmalhofer W, Kaczorowski GJ, et al. Purification, characterization, and biosynthesis of margatoxin, a component of Centruroides margaritatus venom that selectively inhibits voltage-dependent potassium channels. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(25):18866-74., 136136. Jang SH, Choi SY, Ryu PD, Lee SY. Anti-proliferative effect of Kv1.3 blockers in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;651(1-3):26-32.] |
Maurotoxin |
α-KTx 6.2 |
Scorpio maurus palmatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with L929 cells |
155 |
[123123. Regaya I, Beeton C, Ferrat G, Andreotti N, Darbon H, De Waard M, et al. Evidence for domain-specific recognition of SK and Kv channels by MTX and HsTx1 scorpion toxins. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:55690-6.] |
MegKTx3 |
α-KTx 16.7 |
Mesobuthus gibbosus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
118.3 |
[137137. Diego-Garcia E, Peigneur S, Debaveye S, Gheldof E, Tytgat J, Caliskan F. Novel potassium channel blocker venom peptides from Mesobuthus gibbosus (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Toxicon. 2013;61:72-82.] |
MeuKTx-1* |
α-KTx 8.6 |
Mesobuthus eupeus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
2.36 |
[105105. Zhu S, Peigneur S, Gao B, Luo L, Jin D, Zhao Y, et al. Molecular diversity and functional evolution of scorpion potassium channel toxins. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011;10(2):M110.002832.] |
MeuKTx-3 |
α-KTx 3.13 |
Mesobuthus eupeus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
0.171 |
[138138. Gao B, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Zhu S. A potent potassium channel blocker from Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom. Biochimie. 2010;92(12):1847-53.] |
MeuKTx-4* |
α-KTx 16.4 |
Mesobuthus eupeus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
ND |
[139139. Gao B, Peigneur S, Dalziel J, Tytgat J, Zhu S. Molecular divergence of two orthologous scorpion toxins affecting potassium channels. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2011;159(3):313-21.] |
MTX-HsTX1 |
α-KTx 6 |
Scorpio maurus palmatus and Heterometrus spinnifer
|
Chimera using maurotoxin and HsTX1 toxins |
Electrophysiological experiments with L929 cells |
4 |
[123123. Regaya I, Beeton C, Ferrat G, Andreotti N, Darbon H, De Waard M, et al. Evidence for domain-specific recognition of SK and Kv channels by MTX and HsTx1 scorpion toxins. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:55690-6.] |
Noxiustoxin |
α-KTx 2.1 |
Centruroides noxius
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with mammalian cell line that presents cloned Kv1.3 channels |
1 |
[112112. Grissmer S, Nguyen AN, Aiyar J, Hanson DC, Mather RJ, Gutman GA, et al. Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Mol Pharmacol. 1994;45(6):1227-34.] |
OcyKTx2 |
α-KTx 6.17 |
Opisthacanthus cayaporum
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes |
17.7 |
[140140. Schwartz EF, Bartok A, Schwartz CA, Papp F, Gómez-Lagunas F, Panyi G, et al. OcyKTx2, a new K⁺-channel toxin characterized from the venom of the scorpion Opisthacanthus cayaporum. Peptides. 2013;46:40-6.] |
OdK2* |
α-KTx 3.1 |
Odonthobuthus doriae
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
7.2 |
[141141. Abdel-Mottaleb Y, Vandendriessche T, Clynen E, Landuyt B, Jalali A, Vatanpour H, et al. OdK2, a Kv1.3 channel-selective toxin from the venom of the Iranian scorpion Odonthobuthus doriae. Toxicon. 2008;51(8):1424-30.] |
OmTx1 |
κ-KTx 2.1 |
Opisthacanthus madagascariensis
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
ND |
[142142. Chagot B, Pimentel C, Dai L, Pil J, Tytgat J, Nakajima T, et al. An unusual fold for potassium channel blockers: NMR structure of three toxins from the scorpion Opisthacanthus madagascariensis. Biochem J. 2005;388(Pt 1):263-71.] |
OmTx2 |
κ-KTx 2.2 |
Opisthacanthus madagascariensis
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
ND |
[142142. Chagot B, Pimentel C, Dai L, Pil J, Tytgat J, Nakajima T, et al. An unusual fold for potassium channel blockers: NMR structure of three toxins from the scorpion Opisthacanthus madagascariensis. Biochem J. 2005;388(Pt 1):263-71.] |
OmTx3 |
κ-KTx 2.3 |
Opisthacanthus madagascariensis
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
ND |
[142142. Chagot B, Pimentel C, Dai L, Pil J, Tytgat J, Nakajima T, et al. An unusual fold for potassium channel blockers: NMR structure of three toxins from the scorpion Opisthacanthus madagascariensis. Biochem J. 2005;388(Pt 1):263-71.] |
OsK1#
|
α-KTx 3.7 |
Orthochirus scrobiculosus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with L929 and murine erythroleukaemia cells/ In vivo neurotoxicity assay, C57/BL6 mice |
0.014 |
[143143. Mouhat S, Visan V, Ananthakrishnan S, Wulff H, Andreotti N, Grissmer S, et al. K+ channel types targeted by synthetic OSK1, a toxin from Orthochirus scrobiculosus scorpion venom. Biochem J. 2005;385(Pt 1):95-104.] |
PBTx1 |
α-KTx 11.1 |
Parabuthus villosus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus oocytes |
ND |
[144144. Huys I, Dyason K, Waelkens E, Verdonck F, van Zyl J, du Plessis J, et al. Purification, characterization and biosynthesis of parabutoxin 3, a component of Parabuthus transvaalicus venom. Eur J Biochem. 2002;269(7):1854-65.] |
PBTx3 |
α-KTx 1.10 |
Parabuthus transvaalicus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
492 |
[144144. Huys I, Dyason K, Waelkens E, Verdonck F, van Zyl J, du Plessis J, et al. Purification, characterization and biosynthesis of parabutoxin 3, a component of Parabuthus transvaalicus venom. Eur J Biochem. 2002;269(7):1854-65.] |
PEG-HsTX1[R14A]* |
Data not shown |
Heterometrus spinnifer
|
PEGylated molecule |
Electrophysiological experiments with L929 cells |
35.9 |
[124140. Schwartz EF, Bartok A, Schwartz CA, Papp F, Gómez-Lagunas F, Panyi G, et al. OcyKTx2, a new K⁺-channel toxin characterized from the venom of the scorpion Opisthacanthus cayaporum. Peptides. 2013;46:40-6.] |
Pi1* |
α-KTx 6.1 |
Pandinus imperator
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human lymphocytes |
9.7 |
[145145. Péter M, Varga Z, Panyi G, Bene L, Damjanovich S, Pieri C, et al. Pandinus imperator scorpion venom blocks voltage-gated K+ channels in human lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998;242(3):621-5.] |
Pi2* |
α-KTx 7.1 |
Pandinus imperator
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human lymphocytes |
0.05 |
[145145. Péter M, Varga Z, Panyi G, Bene L, Damjanovich S, Pieri C, et al. Pandinus imperator scorpion venom blocks voltage-gated K+ channels in human lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998;242(3):621-5.] |
Pi3* |
α-KTx 7.2 |
Pandinus imperator
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human lymphocytes |
0.5 |
[145145. Péter M, Varga Z, Panyi G, Bene L, Damjanovich S, Pieri C, et al. Pandinus imperator scorpion venom blocks voltage-gated K+ channels in human lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998;242(3):621-5.] |
StKTx23* |
α-KTx 30.1 |
Scorpiops margerisonae
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with HEK293 cells |
ND |
[119119. Chen ZY, Zeng DY, Hu YT, He YW, Pan N, Ding JP, et al. Structural and functional diversity of acidic scorpion potassium channel toxins. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35154.] |
Tc30 |
α-KTx 4.4 |
Tityus cambridgei
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with T lymphocytes |
16 |
[146146. Batista CV, Gomez-Lagunas F, Rodriguez de la Vega RC, Hajdu P, Panyi G, Gaspar R, et al. Two novel toxins from the Amazonian scorpion Tityus cambridgei that block Kv1.3 and Shaker B K(+)-channels with distinctly different affinities. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002;1601(2):123-31.] |
Tc32 |
α-KTx 18.1 |
Tityus cambridgei
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with T lymphocytes |
10 |
[146146. Batista CV, Gomez-Lagunas F, Rodriguez de la Vega RC, Hajdu P, Panyi G, Gaspar R, et al. Two novel toxins from the Amazonian scorpion Tityus cambridgei that block Kv1.3 and Shaker B K(+)-channels with distinctly different affinities. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002;1601(2):123-31.] |
Ts6#
|
α-KTx 12.1 |
Tityus serrulatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes / In vivo assay using DTH reaction, BALB/c mice |
0.55 |
[3434. Cerni FA , Pucca MB, Peigneur S, Cremonez CM, Bordon KC, Tytgat J, et al. Electrophysiological characterization of Ts6 and Ts7, K⁺ channel toxins isolated through an improved Tityus serrulatus venom purification procedure. Toxins (Basel). 2014;6(3):892-913.] |
Ts7 |
α-KTx 4.1 |
Tityus serrulatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
ND |
[3434. Cerni FA , Pucca MB, Peigneur S, Cremonez CM, Bordon KC, Tytgat J, et al. Electrophysiological characterization of Ts6 and Ts7, K⁺ channel toxins isolated through an improved Tityus serrulatus venom purification procedure. Toxins (Basel). 2014;6(3):892-913.] |
Ts15#
|
α-KTx 21.1 |
Tityus serrulatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes / In vivo assay using DTH reaction, BALB/c mice |
508 1073 |
[147147. Cologna CT, Peigneur S, Rosa JC, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Varanda WA, Tytgat J, et al. Purification and characterization of Ts15, the first member of a new alpha-KTX subfamily from the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Toxicon. 2011;58(1):54-61., 148148. Pucca MB, Bertolini TB, Cerni FA , Bordon KCF, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, et al. Immunosuppressive evidence of Tityus serrulatus toxins Ts6 and Ts15: insights of a novel K(+) channel pattern in T cells. Immunology. 2016;147(2):240-50.] |
Tst26* |
α-KTx 4.6 |
Tityus stigmurus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes |
10.7 |
[149149. Papp F, Batista CV, Varga Z, Herceg M, Román-González SA, Gaspar R, et al. Tst26, a novel peptide blocker of Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 channels from the venom of Tityus stigmurus. Toxicon. 2009;54(4):379-89.] |
Tt28 |
α-KTx 20.1 |
Tityus trivittatus
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with Xenopus leaves oocytes |
7.9 |
[150150. Abdel-Mottaleb Y, Coronas FV, de Roodt AR, Possani LD, Tytgat J. A novel toxin from the venom of the scorpion Tityus trivittatus, is the first member of a new alpha-KTX subfamily. FEBS Lett. 2006;580(2):592-6.] |
Urotoxin |
α-KTx 6.21 |
Urodacus yaschenkoi
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes |
91 |
[151151. Luna-Ramírez K, Bartok A, Restano-Cassulini R, Quintero-Hernández V, Coronas FI, Christensen J, et al. Structure, molecular modeling, and function of the novel potassium channel blocker urotoxin isolated from the venom of the Australian scorpion Urodacus yaschenkoi. Mol Pharmacol. 2014;86(1):28-41.] |
Vm23* |
α-KTx 23.2 |
Vaejovis mexicanus smithi
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes |
10 |
[152152. Postay LDP, Gurrola-Briones G, Salas-Castillo SP, Ferreira BCV, Varga ZS, Panyi G, et al. Vm23 and Vm24, two scorpion peptides that block human t-lymphocyte potassium channels (sub-type kv1.3) with high selectivity and decrease the in vivo dth-responses in rats. 2007.] |
Vm24*#
|
α-KTx 23.1 |
Vaejovis mexicanus smithi
|
|
Electrophysiological experiments with human peripheral T lymphocytes/ In vivo assay using DTH reaction, Lewis rats |
0.0029 |
[3333. Varga Z, Gurrola-Briones G, Papp F, Rodriguez de la Vega RC, Pedraza-Alva G, Tajhya RB, et al. Vm24, a natural immunosuppressive peptide, potently and selectively blocks Kv1.3 potassium channels of human T cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2012;82(3):372-82.] |