Fukuda et al.(5)
|
Observational |
Out-of-hospital |
225 |
Assess time to first epinephrine dose and survival |
The shorter the time to first epinephrine dose, the higher the survival |
Andersen et al.(13)
|
Observational |
In-hospital |
1,558 |
Assess time to first epinephrine dose with survival and neurological prognosis |
The shorter the time to first epinephrine dose, the higher the survival, and the better the neurological prognosis |
Lin et al.(14)
|
Observational |
Out-of-hospital trauma |
388 |
Assess time to first epinephrine dose with survival and neurological prognosis |
Early treatment with epinephrine may not provide benefits in cases of trauma |
Hoyme et al.(15)
|
Observational |
In-hospital |
1,630 |
Assess different intervals between doses of epinephrine and survival |
Administration intervals longer than those currently recommended present higher survival |
Meert et al.(16)
|
Observational |
Out-of-hospital |
295 |
Assess management during cardiorespiratory arrest with survival and neurological prognosis |
The higher the number of doses of epinephrine, the lower the survival, and the worse the neurological prognosis |
Moler et al.(17)
|
Observational |
Out-of-hospital |
138 |
Assess different managements to treat cardiorespiratory arrest and survival |
The higher the number of doses of epinephrine, the lower the survival |
de Mos et al.(18)
|
Observational |
In-hospital |
91 |
Assess different managements to treat cardiorespiratory arrest and survival |
The higher the number of doses of epinephrine, the lower the survival |
Young et al.(19)
|
Observational |
Out-of-hospital |
601 |
Describe epidemiological characteristics, survival rates and neurological outcomes |
The higher the number of doses of epinephrine, the lower the survival, and the worse the neurological prognosis |
Checchia et al.(20)
|
Observational |
Out-of-hospital |
24 |
Determine if the measurement of heart troponin I in children in cardiorespiratory arrest outside the hospital anticipates the severity of the myocardial lesion |
The higher the number of doses of epinephrine, the lower the survival |
Donoghue et al.(21)
|
Observational |
In-hospital not trauma |
16,834 (16,245 adults and 537 children) |
Compare results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pediatric patients and adults, and identify factors associated with differences in results between children and adults |
More epinephrine was used in children In the multivariate analysis, age did not present association regarding survival |
Enright et al.(22)
|
Observational |
Out-of-hospital during physical exercise |
9 |
Determine if long-term survival is influenced by specific resuscitation interventions |
Children who went into cardiorespiratory arrest during physical exercise present mainly non-shockable rhythms, and epinephrine, in this scenario, may be harmful |
Tibballs et al.(23)
|
Observational |
In-hospital |
111 |
Assess the impact of different factors in prognosis of cardiorespiratory arrest in children |
Doses of epinephrine above 0.015mg/kg present lower survival |
Perondi et al.(24)
|
Randomized |
In-hospital |
68 |
Compare efficacy between standard dose and high dose of epinephrine in hospital pediatric cardiorespiratory arrest |
Data suggest that treatment with high doses may be worse than treatment with standard dose |
Guay et al.(25)
|
Observational |
In-hospital |
203 |
Assess efficacy of advanced life support interventions in pediatric cardiorespiratory arrest |
For epinephrine administered by the intravenous route, the standard dose of 0.01mg/kg seems appropriate as an initial dose |
Patterson et al.(26)
|
Randomized |
Out-of-hospital |
230 |
Assess if a high dose of epinephrine used during out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest refractory to pre-hospital interventions improves return of spontaneous circulation, survival and neurological prognosis |
A high-dose of epinephrine does not improve or decrease return of spontaneous circulation, survival and neurological prognosis in comparison with standard dose in out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest |
Rodríguez Núñez et al.(27)
|
Observational |
Intra and out-of-hospital |
92 |
Assess the impact on survival of epinephrine (intravenous or intraosseous) in high-dose in comparison to standard dose in children in cardiorespiratory arrest |
There was no difference in the two groups regarding return of spontaneous circulation, total resuscitation time, neurological status at the end of the episode and survival to hospital discharge and in 1-year follow-up |