Efficacy of eugenol and the methanolic extract of   <i>Condalia buxifolia</i> during the transport of the silver catfish   <i>Rhamdia quelen</i>

Becker, Alexssandro Geferson; Cunha, Mauro Alves da; Garcia, Luciano de Oliveira; Zeppenfeld, Carla Cristina; Parodi, Thaylise Vey; Maldaner, Graciela; Morel, Ademir Farias; Baldisserotto, Bernardo

doi:10.1590/S1679-62252013000300021

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Original Articles • Neotrop. ichthyol. 11 (03) • Sept 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000300021 copy

Efficacy of eugenol and the methanolic extract of Condalia buxifolia during the transport of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This study evaluated extracts of Condalia buxifolia as anesthetics for the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. The effectiveness of eugenol and of the methanolic extract (ME) of C. buxifolia during the transport of this species was also assessed. Fish of two different weights (1.50±0.02 g and 165.70±22.50 g) were transferred to aquaria containing water with the C. buxifolia ME or with fractions obtained from the ME, such as the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butane and aqueous fractions, at concentrations from 0-300 °L L^-1. The C. buxifolia ME in the 0.5-120 °L L^-1range caused only light sedation, and the fractions did not have an effect on the fish. In the second experiment, another group of fish was transported for 12 h in 15 plastic bags. The fish were divided into five groups: control, 1 or 2.5 °L L^-1 eugenol and 25 or 50 °L L^-1 C. buxifolia ME. The non-ionized ammonia levels were lower at the end of transport in the groups with the compounds than in that with water alone. Moreover, both compounds decreased the Na⁺, Cl^-, and K⁺ net effluxes; therefore, their addition to the water during transport is advisable because they reduce fish mortality and ion loss.

Anesthesia; Fish transport; Heptapteridae; Ion fluxes; Sedative

Stage	Description	Behavioral response
1	Light sedation	Partial loss of reaction to external stimuli
2	Deep sedation	Partial loss of equilibrium, no reaction to external stimuli
3a	Total loss of equilibrium	Fish usually turn over but retain swimming ability
3b	Total loss of equilibrium	Swimming ability stops but responds to pressure on the caudal peduncle
4	Anesthesia	Loss of reflex activity, no reaction to strong external stimuli
5	Medullary collapse (death)	Respiratory movement ceases (death)

Water parameter	Before transport	After transport (treatments)
Water parameter	Before transport	control	eugenol (1 μL L-1)	eugenol (2.5 μL L-1)	C. buxifolia (25 μL L-1)	C. buxifolia (50 μL L-1)
Dissolved oxygen	5.60±0.06	1.46±0.06*d	2.22±0.09*a	1.73±0.04*c	2.22±0.04*a	1.97±0.04*b
Carbon dioxide	4.86±0.11	51.04±1.33*c	85.07±1.12*a	78.48±1.27*b	79.04±1.77*b	76.60±2.13*b
Alkalinity	24.7±0.5	43.0±0.5*a	45.2±1.3*a	41.7±0.8*a	42.0±0.5*a	40.7±2.7*a
Water hardness	21.6±0.5	26.5±0.5*a	28.0±0.5*a	28.0±0.5*a	26.5±0.5*a	26.5±0.5*a
pH	6.98±0.09	6.21±0.05*a	6.04±0.04*b	6.05±0.04*b	6.03±0.05*b	6.03±0.06*b
Temperature	23.1±0.2	28.1±0.3*a	28.1±0.2*a	28.1±0.2*a	28.1±0.2*a	28.1±0.3*a
Total ammonia nitrogen	0.10±0.02	5.25±0.12*c	6.12±0.12*a	5.73±0.09*b	5.58±0.09*b	5.66±0.10*b
Non-ionized ammonia	0.0005	0.0060*a	0.0047*b	0.0045*b	0.0042*b	0.0043*b

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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