A new species of Phenacogaster is described from the rio Salitre, a tributary of the lower middle rio São Francisco drainage. The new species can be clearly distinguished from all its congeners in having a conspicuous, broad caudal peduncle spot reaching the upper and lower margins of the peduncle with a short extension onto the middle caudal fin rays and another weaker extension over the lower lobe of the caudal fin.
Keywords:
Bahia State; Caatinga; Neotropical fish; Taxonomy
| Holotype | n | Range | Mean | SD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard length (mm) | 27.4 | 10 | 24.7 | 29.5 | 27.2 | - |
| Percents of standard length | ||||||
| Depth at dorsal-fin origin | 33.9 | 10 | 30.9 | 35.9 | 33.5 | 1.50 |
| Predorsal distance | 54.0 | 10 | 49.2 | 54.0 | 51.4 | 1.58 |
| Prepelvic distance | 40.9 | 9 | 36.6 | 40.9 | 38.8 | 1.29 |
| Preanal distance | 55.5 | 10 | 51.7 | 58.6 | 53.9 | 1.96 |
| Caudal-peduncle length | 7.3 | 10 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 0.90 |
| Caudal-peduncle depth | 10.9 | 10 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 0.76 |
| Head length | 28.8 | 10 | 25.3 | 28.8 | 27.0 | 1.02 |
| Percents of head length | ||||||
| Snout length | 24.0 | 10 | 22.1 | 28.4 | 24.5 | 1.96 |
| Orbital diameter | 41.7 | 10 | 39.7 | 47.1 | 43.1 | 2.37 |
| Interorbital width | 26.7 | 10 | 24.1 | 30.7 | 27.1 | 2.02 |
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