The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires; Rotundo, Matheus Marcos; Caires, Rodrigo Antunes; Cordeiro, Ana Patricia Barros; Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin; Oliveira, Claudio; Souza-Serra, Rayla Roberta Maganhães de; Romão-Júnior, João Gomes; Santos, Wagner César Rosa dos; Reis, Thayson da Silva; Muniz, Mairink Ribeiro; Cardoso, Gustavo Stabile; Ferrari, Stephen; Klautau, Alex Garcia Cavalleiro de Macedo; Montag, Luciano

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20180038

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Original article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 17 (2) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180038 copy

The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The Brazilian North coast is one of the world’s most important shrimp fishery grounds, with a total area of approximately 223,000 km². However, the available data on the diversity of fish caught by the region’s industrial trawler fleet are limited to the commercially-valuable species. This lacuna in the data on the region’s marine fish fauna is worrying, both for the management of stocks and the conservation of the local biodiversity. The present study was based on a comprehensive inventory of the teleost fishes captured by the industrial outrigger trawling operations off the North coast of Brazil. This inventory recorded 201 species belonging to 64 families and 20 orders, and revealed a unique fauna, characterized by 17 endemic species, and a mixture of estuarine-dependent and marine species, mainly associated with coral reefs. The Kernel density analysis indicated that the industrial trawling fleet operates within an important ecotone, which encompasses the transition zones of different fish communities found off the Brazilian North coast.

Keywords:
Biodiversity; Bycatch; Fishes discarded; Inventory; Marine fish; Outrigger trawling

ORDEM	FAMILY	SPECIE		A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K
Elopiformes	Megalopidae	Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, 1847	*fig. 2b.	Z,L			x	P		x	1	VU	2	0
Albuliformes	Albulidae	Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 3.	Z			x	D		x	0	NT	1	0
Anguilliformes	Heterenchelyidae	Pythonichthys sanguineus Poey, 1868	Fig. 4a.	Z		x		D		x	0	LC	0	0
Anguilliformes	Moringuidae	Neoconger sp.	Fig. 4b.	Z		x		B	x		0	LC	0	0
Anguilliformes	Muraenidae	Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre, 1788)	Fig. 4c.	Z		x		B		x	0	LC	0	0
Anguilliformes	Muraenidae	Gymnothorax conspersus Poey, 1867	Fig. 4d.	Z				B	x		0	X	0	0
Anguilliformes	Muraenidae	Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz, 1831	Fig. 4e.	Z				B		x	0	LC	1	1
Anguilliformes	Ophichthidae	Aplatophis chauliodus Böhlke, 1956	Fig. 4f.	Z		x	x	B		x	0	LC	0	0
Anguilliformes	Ophichthidae	Echiophis punctifer (Kaup, 1859)	Fig. 4g.	Z		x		B		x	0	LC	0	1
Anguilliformes	Ophichthidae	Ophichthus cylindroideus (Ranzani, 1839)	Fig. 4h.	Z				B	x		0	LC	0	1
Anguilliformes	Ophichthidae	Ophichthus ophis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 4i.	Z		x		B		x	0	LC	0	0
Anguilliformes	Muraenesocidae	Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831)	Fig. 5a.	Z			x	B			0	LC	1	1
Anguilliformes	Congridae	Paraconger guianensis Kanazawa, 1961	Fig. 5b.	Z	x			B	x		0	X	0	0
Anguilliformes	Congridae	Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode, Bean, 1896)	Fig. 5c.	Z				B	x		0	LC	0	1
Anguilliformes	Nettastomatidae	Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951	Fig. 5d.	Z				B	x		0	LC	0	0
Clupeiformes	Clupeidae	Lile piquitinga (Schreiner, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903)	Fig. 6a.	Z,L		x	x	P			2	LC	2	1
Clupeiformes	Clupeidae	Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818)	*fig. 4a.	Z,L			x	P			1	LC	2	2
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Anchoa filifera (Fowler, 1915)	Fig. 6b.	Z		x	x	P			2	LC	0	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Anchoa pectoralis Hildebrand, 1943	Fig. 6c.	O			x	P			2	X	0	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Anchoa spinifera (Valenciennes, 1848)	*fig. 4c.	Z			x	P			2	LC	2	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839)	Fig. 6d.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	2	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Anchovia surinamensis (Bleeker, 1865)	*fig. 4d.	L	x		x	P			1	LC	2	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911)	Fig. 6e.	Z,L			x	P			1	LC	2	0
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)	*fig. 4f.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Lycengraulis batesii (Günther, 1868)	*fig. 4g.	L	x		x	P			1	LC	2	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Lycengraulis grossidens (Spix, Agassiz, 1829)	*fig. 4h.	L			x	P			1	LC	2	1
Clupeiformes	Engraulidae	Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus, 1766)	*fig. 4i.	L	x		x	P			1	LC	1	1
Clupeiformes	Pristigasteridae	Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867)	Fig. 6f.	Z			x	P			1	LC	0	0
Clupeiformes	Pristigasteridae	Odontognathus mucronatus Lacepède, 1800	Fig. 6g.	Z			x	P			2	LC	0	1
Clupeiformes	Pristigasteridae	Pellona flavipinnis (Valenciennes, 1837)	*fig. 4k.	Z	x		x	P			1	X	1	1
Clupeiformes	Pristigasteridae	Pellona harroweri (Fowler, 1917)	Fig. 6h.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	2
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Amphiarius phrygiatus (Valenciennes, 1840)	Fig. 6i.	Z,L	x		x	D			0	LC	1	0
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Aspistor quadriscutis (Valenciennes, 1840)	*fig. 6b.	Z,L	x		x	D			1	LC	1	0
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766)	*fig. 6c.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	2	2
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Cathorops spixii (Agassiz, 1829)	*fig. 6f.	Z,L			x	D			1	X	1	0
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Notarius grandicassis (Valenciennes, 1840)	Fig. 6j.	Z,L	x			D	x		0	LC	1	1
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Sciades couma (Valenciennes, 1840)	Fig. 6h.	Z,L	x		x	D			0	LC	1	0
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Sciades parkeri (Traill, 1832)	*fig. 6i.	Z,L	x		x	D			0	VU	1	0
Siluriformes	Ariidae	Sciades proops (Valenciennes 1840)	*fig. 6k.	Z,L			x	D			0	X	1	0
Siluriformes	Aspredinidae	Aspredo aspredo (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 7f.	Z	x		x	D			1	X	0	1
Aulopiformes	Synodontidae	Saurida caribbaea Breder, 1927	Fig. 7a.	Z		x		D	x		1	LC	0	0
Aulopiformes	Synodontidae	Synodus bondi Fowler, 1939	Fig. 7b.	Z		x		D	x		1	LC	1	1
Aulopiformes	Synodontidae	Synodus poeyi Jordan, 1887	Fig. 7c.	O		x		D	x		0	LC	1	0
Aulopiformes	Synodontidae	Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801)	*fig. 5a.	O				D		x	0	LC	1	0
Holocentriformes	Holocentridae	Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765)	Fig. 7d.	Z				D		x	1	LC	1	0
Holocentriformes	Holocentridae	Myripristis jacobus Cuvier, 1829	Fig. 7e.	Z				D		x	1	LC	1	0
Ophidiiformes	Ophidiidae	Brotula barbata (Bloch, Schneider, 1801)	Fig. 7f.	Z		x		D		x	0	LC	0	0
Ophidiiformes	Ophidiidae	Lepophidium brevibarbe (Cuvier, 1829)	Fig. 7g.	Z				D	x		0	LC	1	0
Lophiiformes	Antennariidae	Antennarius striatus (Shaw, 1794)	Fig. 7h.	Z			x	B		x	0	LC	0	1
Lophiiformes	Ogcocephalidae	Halieutichthys aculeatus (Mitchill, 1818)	Fig. 7i.	Z				B		x	0	LC	0	1
Lophiiformes	Ogcocephalidae	Ogcocephalus nasutus (Cuvier, 1837)	Fig. 7j.	Z				B		x	0	LC	0	0
Lophiiformes	Ogcocephalidae	Ogcocephalus notatus (Valenciennes, 1829)	Fig. 7k.	Z				B		x	0	LC	0	1
Lophiiformes	Ogcocephalidae	Ogcocephalus pumilus Bradbury, 1980	Fig. 7l.	Z		x		B		x	0	LC	0	0
Lophiiformes	Ogcocephalidae	Ogcocephalus vespertilio (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 9d.	Z			x	B		x	0	X	0	1
Mugiliformes	Mugilidae	Mugil brevirostris Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915	*fig. 16c.	Z			x	P			1	X	2	1
Mugiliformes	Mugilidae	Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1830	*fig. 16d.	Z,L			x	P		x	2	LC	2	1
Mugiliformes	Mugilidae	Mugil incilis Hancock, 1830	*fig. 16e.	Z			x	P			1	LC	2	1
Mugiliformes	Mugilidae	Mugil rubrioculus Harrison et al., 2007	*fig. 16f.	Z			x	P			1	LC	2	1
Beloniformes	Exocoetidae	Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes, 1847)	*fig. 10c.	Z		x		P	x		1	LC	0	1
Beloniformes	Exocoetidae	Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus, 1758	Literature	L				P	x		1	LC	0	0
Beloniformes	Exocoetidae	Parexocoetus hillianus (Gosse, 1851)	Fig. 7m.	Z				P	x		1	LC	0	1
Beloniformes	Hemiramphidae	Hyporhamphus roberti (Valenciennes, 1847)	*fig. 10b.	L			x	P			1	LC	1	0
Gasterosteiformes	Fistulariidae	Fistularia petimba Lacepède, 1803	Fig. 7n.	Z		x	x	D		x	1	LC	1	0
Gasterosteiformes	Fistulariidae	Fistularia tabacaria Linnaeus, 1758	Fig. 7o.	Z			x	D		x	1	LC	1	0
Scorpaeniformes	Dactylopteridae	Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 10e.	Z			x	D		x	2	LC	1	1
Scorpaeniformes	Scorpaenidae	Scorpaena brasiliensis Cuvier, 1829	Fig. 7p.	Z				D		x	1	LC	0	1
Scorpaeniformes	Scorpaenidae	Scorpaena isthmensis Meek, Hildebrand, 1928	Fig. 7q.	Z				D		x	1	LC	0	1
Scorpaeniformes	Triglidae	Prionotus punctatus (Bloch, 1793)	*fig. 10f.	Z			x	B		x	1	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Centropomidae	Centropomus ensiferus Poey, 1860	Fig. 8a.	Z,L		x		D	x		1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Centropomidae	Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)	*fig. 11b.	L			x	D		x	1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Alphestes afer (Bloch, 1793)	Fig. 8b.	Z		x		D		x	0	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 8c.	O,L				D		x	0	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Diplectrum radiale (Quoy, Gaimard, 1824)	Fig. 8d.	Z				D		x	0	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Serranidae	Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822)	*fig. 11c.	Z,L			x	D		x	0	CR*	2	1
Perciformes	Serranidae	Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)	Fig. 8e.	Z				D		x	0	NT*	2	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook, 1855)	Fig. 8f.	Z		x		D		x	0	CR*	2	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)	Fig. 8g.	Z,L				D		x	0	VU*	2	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860)	Fig. 8h.	O,L				D		x	0	NT*	2	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Paralabrax dewegeri (Metzelaar, 1919)	Fig. 8i.	Z		x		D		x	0	LC	0	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828)	Fig. 8j.	O		x		D		x	1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Serranus flaviventris (Cuvier, 1829)	Fig. 8k.	Z				D		x	0	LC	0	0
Perciformes	Serranidae	Serranus phoebe Poey, 1851	Fig. 8l.	Z				D		x	0	LC	0	0
Perciformes	Opistognathidae	Lonchopisthus higmani Mead, 1959	Fig. 8m.	Z	x	x		D	x		0	LC	0	0
Perciformes	Priacanthidae	Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829	Fig. 8n.	Z,L				D		x	2	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Malacanthidae	Caulolatilus guppyi Beebe, Tee-Van 1937	Fig. 8o.	Z	x	x		D	x		1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Malacanthidae	Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch, 1786)	Fig. 8p.	O		x		D		x	1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Pomatomidae	Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766)	Fig. 8q.	Z,L			x	D			2	VU	2	1
Perciformes	Echeneidae	Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758	Fig. 8r.	Z			x	P		x	0	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Rachycentridae	Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766)	*fig. 11d.	Z,L			x	P		x	1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Carangidae	Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787)	Fig. 9a.	Z,L				P		x	1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Carangidae	Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier, 1833	Fig. 9b.	Z,L				P		x	1	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815)	Fig. 9c.	Z,L			x	P		x	2	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766)	*fig. 12a.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831	*fig. 12b.	Z,L				P		x	2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766)	*fig. 12c.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833)	Fig. 9d.	O,L		x	x	P			2	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Carangidae	Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)	Fig. 9e.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Carangidae	Decapterus tabl Berry, 1968	Fig. 9f.	Z		x	x	P			1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Carangidae	Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier, 1833)	*fig. 12d.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier, 1832)	*fig. 12e.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Oligoplites saliens (Bloch, 1793)	Fig. 9g.	Z			x	P			2	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Oligoplites saurus (Bloch, Schneider, 1801)	*fig. 12f.	Z,L			x	P			2	X	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793)	Fig. 9h.	Z,L				P	x		2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815)	Fig. 9i.	Z,L				P	x		2	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Carangidae	Selene vomer (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 12g.	Z,L			x	P			2	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Carangidae	Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)	Fig. 9j.	Z,L		x		P		x	1	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)	*fig. 12h.	Z			x	P			2	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Carangidae	Trachinotus cayennensis Cuvier, 1832	Fig. 9k.	Z,L	x		x	P			2	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 12i.	Z,L				P		x	2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Carangidae	Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Literature	L				P	x		2	VU	1	0
Perciformes	Chaetodontidae	Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch, 1787	Fig. 10a.	Z				D		x	0	LC	0	1
Perciformes	Chaetodontidae	Chaetodon sedentarius Poey, 1860	Fig. 10b.	Z				D		x	0	LC	0	0
Perciformes	Ephippidae	Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782)	*fig. 17c.	Z,L			x	P		x	2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum, 1792)	Fig. 10c.	Z		x		D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Lutjanus campechanus (Poey 1860)	Fig. 10d.	Z,L				D		x	2	VU*	2	0
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Lutjanus cyanopterus (Cuvier 1828)	Fig. 10e.	O			x	D		x	0	VU*	2	0
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Lutjanus jocu (Bloch, Schneider, 1801)	*fig. 13ab.	Z,L			x	D		x	1	DD	1	1
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 13c.	Z,L				D		x	1	NT	2	1
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier, 1828)	Fig. 10f.	Z				D		x	1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791)	Fig. 10g.	O,L				P		x	2	DD	1	0
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Pristipomoides aquilonaris (Goode, Bean, 1896)	Fig. 10h.	Z		x		D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Lutjanidae	Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier, 1828)	Fig. 10i.	Z,L				P		x	1	VU	1	0
Perciformes	Lobotidae	Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790)	*fig. 13d.	L			x	D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Gerreidae	Diapterus auratus Ranzani, 1840	*fig. 13e.	Z			x	D			2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Gerreidae	Diapterus rhombeus (Valenciennes, 1830)	Fig. 10j.	Z			x	D			2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Gerreidae	Eucinostomus argenteus Baird, Girard, 1855	*fig. 13f.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Gerreidae	Eucinostomus gula (Quoy, Gaimard, 1824)	*fig. 13g.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Anisotremus surinamensis (Bloch, 1791)	*fig. 14a.	Z				D		x	1	DD	1	0
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 14b.	Z				D		x	2	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 14c.	Z,L				D		x	1	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Genyatremus cavifrons (Cuvier, 1830)	*fig. 14d.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier, 1830	Fig. 10k	O				D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Haemulon carbonarium Poey, 1860	Fig. 10l.	O,L		x		D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Haemulon parra (Desmarest, 1823)	*fig. 14e.	Z				D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Haemulon sp.	Fig. 10m.	Z				D		x	1	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Haemulopsis corvinaeformis (Steindachner, 1868)	*fig. 14g.	Z,L			x	D		x	2	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Haemulidae	Orthopristis scapularis Fowler, 1915	Fig. 10n.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Pomacanthidae	Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 11a.	Z				D		x	0	LC	0	0
Perciformes	Pomacanthidae	Pomacanthus paru (Bloch, 1787)	*fig. 16b.	Z				D		x	0	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Polynemidae	Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 11b.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Scaridae	Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner, 1878)	Fig. 11c.	O				D		x	1	DD	1	0
Perciformes	Scaridae	Sparisoma frondosum (Agassiz, 1831)	Fig. 11d.	Z				D		x	1	DD	1	0
Perciformes	Sparidae	Calamus penna (Valenciennes, 1830)	Fig. 11e.	Z				D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Sparidae	Calamus pennatula Guichenot, 1868	Fig. 11f.	Z		x		D		x	1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Bairdiella goeldi Marceniuk et al., 2019Marceniuk AP, Molina EG, Caires R, Rotundo MM, Wosiacki WB, Oliveira C. Revision of Bairdiella (Sciaenidae, Perciformes) from the western South Atlantic, with insights into its diversity and biogeographical patterns. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2019; 17(1):e180024.	*fig. 15a.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Metzelaar, 1919)	Fig. 12a.	Z				D	x		1	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède, 1801)	Fig. 12b.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	2	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Cynoscion jamaicensis (Vaillant, Bocourt, 1883)	Fig. 12c.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	2	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuvier, 1830)	Fig. 12d.	Z,L				D	x		1	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Cynoscion microlepidotus (Cuvier, 1830)	Fig. 12e.	Z			x	D			1	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Cynoscion similis Randall, Cervigón, 1968	Fig. 12f.	Z,L	x			D	x		1	LC	2	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Cynoscion steindachneri (Jordan, 1889)	Fig. 12g.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Cynoscion virescens (Cuvier, 1830)	Fig. 12h.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Isopisthus parvipinnis (Cuvier, 1830)	Fig. 12i.	Z			x	D			1	LC	2	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Larimus breviceps Cuvier, 1830	Fig. 12j.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch, Schneider, 1801)	Fig. 12k.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	2	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 15j.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	2	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)	*fig. 15l.	Z,L			x	D			2	LC	2	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Nebris microps Cuvier, 1830	*fig. 15m.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	2	1
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Ophioscion punctatissimus Meek, Hildebrand, 1925	Fig. 12l.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	1
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875)	*fig. 15n.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Pareques acuminatus (Bloch, Schneider, 1801)	Literature	L				D		x	0	LC	1	0
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Plagioscion magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878)	Literature	L	x		x	D			1	X	1	0
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889)	*fig. 15q.	Z,L			x	D			2	LC	1	2
Perciformes	Sciaenidae	Stellifer stellifer (Bloch, 1790)	*fig. 15r.	Z			x	D			2	DD	1	2
Perciformes	Mullidae	Upeneus parvus Poey, 1852	Fig. 13a.	Z				D	x		1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Kyphosidae	Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy, Gaimard, 1825)	Fig. 13b.	Z		x		D		x	1	LC	2	0
Perciformes	Gobiidae	Priolepis dawsoni Greenfield, 1989	Fig. 13c.	Z				B		x	0	LC	0	0
Perciformes	Acanthuridae	Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787)	Fig. 13d.	Z				D		x	2	LC	0	1
Perciformes	Sphyraenidae	Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier, 1829	Fig. 13e.	Z			x	D			1	LC	1	1
Pleuronectiformes	Paralichthyidae	Citharichthys arenaceus Evermann, Marsh, 1900	Fig. 14a.	Z			x	B			0	LC	0	2
Pleuronectiformes	Paralichthyidae	Citharichthys macrops Dresel, 1885	Fig. 14b.	Z		x		B		x	0	LC	0	1
Pleuronectiformes	Paralichthyidae	Citharichthys spilopterus Günther, 1862	*fig. 18a.	Z,L			x	B			0	LC	0	2
Pleuronectiformes	Paralichthyidae	Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895	Fig. 14c.	Z				B	x		0	LC	1	1
Pleuronectiformes	Paralichthyidae	Etropus crossotus Jordan, Gilbert, 1882	Fig. 14d.	Z				B	x		0	LC	0	1
Pleuronectiformes	Paralichthyidae	Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 14e.	Z				B	x		0	LC	1	1
Pleuronectiformes	Achiridae	Achirus achirus (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 18b.	Z			x	B			0	LC	1	1
Pleuronectiformes	Achiridae	Achirus declivis Chabanaud, 1940	Fig. 14f.	Z			x	B			0	LC	1	1
Pleuronectiformes	Achiridae	Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 14g.	Z			x	B			0	LC	1	1
Pleuronectiformes	Achiridae	Gymnachirus nudus Kaup, 1858	Fig. 14h.	Z		x		B	x		0	LC	0	0
Pleuronectiformes	Achiridae	Trinectes paulistanus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915)	Fig. 14i.	Z			x	B			0	LC	0	1
Pleuronectiformes	Cynoglossidae	Symphurus oculellus Munroe, 1991	Fig. 14j.	Z	x			B	x		0	LC	0	0
Pleuronectiformes	Cynoglossidae	Symphurus tesselatus (Quoy, Gaimard, 1824)	Fig. 15k.	Z				B	x		0	LC	0	2
Istiophoriformes	Istiophoridae	Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802	Literature	L				P	x		1	VU*	2	0
Istiophoriformes	Istiophoridae	Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860)	Literature	L				P	x		0	VU	2	0
Istiophoriformes	Xiphiidae	Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758	Literature	L				P	x		1	LC	2	0
Batrachoidiformes	Batrachoididae	Amphichthys cryptocentrus (Valenciennes, 1837)	Fig. 15a.	O				B		x	0	LC	1	0
Batrachoidiformes	Batrachoididae	Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch, Schneider, 1801)	*fig. 9a.	Z			x	B			0	LC	2	1
Batrachoidiformes	Batrachoididae	Porichthys plectrodon Jordan, Gilbert, 1882	Fig. 15b	Z				B	x		0	LC	0	0
Batrachoidiformes	Batrachoididae	Thalassophryne nattereri Steindachner, 1876	Fig. 15c.	Z			x	B			0	LC	0	0
Scombriformes	Scombridae	Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832)	Fig. 15d.	O,L		x		P	x		1	LC	2	0
Scombriformes	Scombridae	Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810)	Fig. 15e.	Z		x		P	x		2	LC	2	0
Scombriformes	Scombridae	Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793)	Literature	L			x	P			1	LC	1	0
Scombriformes	Scombridae	Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette et al., 1978	Fig. 15f.	Z,L				P	x		2	LC	2	2
Scombriformes	Scombridae	Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)	Fig. 15g.	Z				P		x	1	LC	2	1
Scombriformes	Scombridae	Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831)	Fig. 15h.	Z,L		x		P	x		2	LC	2	0
Scombriformes	Trichiuridae	Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758	*fig. 17d.	Z			x	D			2	LC	1	1
Scombriformes	Stromateidae	Peprilus crenulatus Cuvier, 1829	*fig. 17f.	Z,L			x	P			1	LC	2	2
Scombriformes	Stromateidae	Peprilus xanthurus (Quoy, Gaimard, 1825)	*fig. 17g.	Z,L				P	x		2	LC	2	0
Syngnathiformes	Syngnathidae	Hippocampus reidi Ginsburg, 1933	Fig. 15i.	Z			x	B		x	1	VU*	0	0
Tetraodontiformes	Balistidae	Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789	Fig. 16a.	O,L				D		x	2	VU	2	0
Tetraodontiformes	Balistidae	Balistes vetula Linnaeus, 1758	Fig. 16b.	Z				D		x	1	NT	2	0
Tetraodontiformes	Monacanthidae	Aluterus heudelotii Hollard, 1855	Fig. 16c.	Z		x		D	x		1	LC	0	0
Tetraodontiformes	Monacanthidae	Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 16d.	Z				D	x		2	LC	0	0
Tetraodontiformes	Monacanthidae	Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765)	Fig. 16e.	Z		x		D		x	0	LC	0	0
Tetraodontiformes	Monacanthidae	Cantherhines macrocerus (Hollard, 1853)	Fig. 16f.	O		x		D		x	0	LC	0	0
Tetraodontiformes	Ostraciidae	Acanthostracion polygonius Poey, 1876	Fig. 16g.	Z				D		x	1	LC	1	1
Tetraodontiformes	Ostraciidae	Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 16h.	Z				D		x	1	LC	1	1
Tetraodontiformes	Ostraciidae	Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 16i.	Z		x		D		x	0	LC	1	0
Tetraodontiformes	Tetraodontidae	Colomesus psittacus (Bloch, Schneider, 1801)	*fig. 19a.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	0	2
Tetraodontiformes	Tetraodontidae	Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Fig. 16j.	Z,L			x	D			2	LC	2	1
Tetraodontiformes	Tetraodontidae	Sphoeroides dorsalis Longley, 1934	Fig. 16k.	O,L				D	x		0	LC	0	0
Tetraodontiformes	Tetraodontidae	Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758)	*fig. 19c,d.	Z,L			x	D			1	LC	0	1
Tetraodontiformes	Diodontidae	Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 16l.	Z		x		D		x	1	LC	0	1
Tetraodontiformes	Diodontidae	Chilomycterus spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Fig. 16m.	Z				D		x	2	LC	0	1
Tetraodontiformes	Diodontidae	Chilomycterus antillarum (Jordan, Rutter, 1897)	Fig. 16n.	Z		x		D		x	1	LC	0	1

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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[1] Edited by

Francisco Araújo