Sleep and musculoskeletal complaints among elite athletes of Santa
                  Catarina

Bleyer, Fernanda Tolentino de Souza; Barbosa, Diego Grasel; Andrade, Rubian Diego; Teixeira, Clarissa Stefani; Felden, Érico Pereira Gomes

doi:10.5935/1806-0013.20150020

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. dor 16 (2) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-0013.20150020 copy

Sleep and musculoskeletal complaints among elite athletes of Santa Catarina^* * Received from University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

There are many physiological processes going on during sleep which are important for physical and emotional balance and especially for motor function, essential for athletes' performance. This study aimed at investigating associations between sleep duration and quality and musculoskeletal complaints among elite athletes of the state of Santa Catarina.

METHODS:

Four hundred and fifty-two athletes from various sports have been investigated on issues related to sleep (duration, quality) and musculoskeletal complaints in body parts through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, respectively. The association between sleep and muscle pain was analyzed by Spearman's correlation of “number of painful body parts” and “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores”.

RESULTS:

Mean age of athletes was 21.16 years (5.82), being 61.1% females and 38% with poor sleep quality and association between the amount of nighttime awakenings with nocturnal pain (p <0.001). There has been high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, more evident on knees, shoulders, ankle/feet and low back. The number of painful parts was correlated (r=0.216) with higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Athletes had high prevalence of poor sleep quality and musculoskeletal pain complaints, especially on knee, shoulders, back and ankle/feet. The correlation between poor sleep quality and pain was more evident as the number of affected body parts increased. Athletes with poorer sleep quality had more pain as compared to those with sleep duration changes, suggesting that musculoskeletal complaints are associated to athletes' sleep quality rather than to sleep duration.

Keywords:
Athletes; Health; Performance; Sleep

Variables	Index^* *values in means (standard deviation) or percentage.
Age (years)	21.16 (5.82)
Female (%)	61.1
Sleep duration (h)	7.9 (1.45)
Short duration of sleep (%)	48.5
PSQI (scores)	5.09 (2.47)
Poor quality of sleep (%)	38.0
Night time awakenings (none to less than once a week) (%)	44.4
Night time awakenings (1 or more than 3 per week) (%)	55.6
Pain during sleep (none to less than once a week) (%)	65.6
Pain during sleep (1 or more than 3 per week) (%)	34.4

Body parts	^* * Nordic Questionnaire domains for body parts with musculoskeletal complaints. ⁽¹⁾ (1) “Have you had problems such as pain, tingling/numbness on ... in the last 12 months?" have you had problems such as pain, tingling/numbness in the last 12 months	^* * Nordic Questionnaire domains for body parts with musculoskeletal complaints. ⁽²⁾ (2) Were you prevented from performing normal activities (for example, work, home activities, leisure) due to a problem on ... in the last 12 months?" Were you prevented from performing normal activities in the last 12 months	^* * Nordic Questionnaire domains for body parts with musculoskeletal complaints. ⁽³⁾ (3) “Have you visited some health professional (physician, physiotherapist) due to this condition on ... in the last 12 months?" Have you visited some health professional in the last 12 months	^* * Nordic Questionnaire domains for body parts with musculoskeletal complaints. ⁽⁴⁾ (4) “Have you had any problem on ... in the last 7 days?" Have you had some problem on ... in the last 7 days
Neck(%)	33,1	3,2	7,4	9,2
Shoulders (%)	47,5	11,0	17,1	18,1
Upper back (%)	44,8	6,8	13,5	11,9
Elbows (%)	14,2	1,6	3,4	4,1
Wrists/hands (%)	29,6	7,4	9,7	11,5
Low back (%)	45,7	11,3	16,0	15,8
Hip/thighs (%)	41,9	9,0	14,2	13,1
Knees (%)	50,6	15,8	24,8	25,5
Ankles/feet (%)	43,9	16,9	23,2	16,9

Body parts	Sleep duration			Sleep quality
	8h or more	<8h	p value	Good	Poor	p value
Have you had problems such as pain, tingling/numbness in the last 12 months?
Neck (%)	29.8	36.8	0.888	29.5	39.5	0.029^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Shoulders (%)	50.2	50.9	0.372	44.4	52.7	0.089
Upper back (%)	46.2	43.5	0.574	40.7	51.5	0.027^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Elbows (%)	12.0	16.7	0.158	11.6	23.8	0.043^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Wrists/hands (%)	25.6	34.0	0.088	23.8	39.5	0.001^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Low back (%)	42.7	49.8	0.138	41.1	53.3	0.013^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Hip/thighs (%)	41.3	42.6	0.792	36.4	50.9	0.003^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Knees (%)	49.3	52.9	0.460	46.5	57.2	0.030^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Ankles/feet (%)	44.4	44.5	0.991	38.9	52.1	0.007^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Were you prevented from performing normal activities in the last 12 months?
Neck (%)	3.1	3.3	0.295	3.3	3.0	0.871
Shoulders (%)	8.9	13.9	0.101	8.7	15.0	0.043^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Upper back (%)	2.2	12.0	<0.001^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).	4.0	11.4	0.003^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Elbows (%)	0.9	1.9	0.265	0.7	3.0	0.087
Wrists/hands (%)	6.3	9.1	0.360	5.8	10.2	0.064
Low back (%)	7.6	15.8	0.007^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).	8.4	16.2	0.012^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Hip/thighs (%)	8.0	10.0	0.456	6.9	12.6	0.044^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Knees (%)	14.2	18.2	0.262	13.8	18.6	0.183
Ankles/feet (%)	19.6	14.8	0.193	13.8	21.6	0.035^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Have you visited any health professional in the last 12 months?
Neck (%)	8.9	6.2	0.295	6.2	9.6	0.187
Shoulders (%)	17.3	17.7	0.912	14.5	21.6	0.058
Upper back (%)	11.1	16.7	0.089	9.5	20.4	0.001^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Elbows (%)	4.4	2.4	0.240	2.5	4.8	0.206
Wrists/hands (%)	8.9	11.0	0.470	7.3	13.9	0.024^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Low back (%)	15.6	17.2	0.639	13.5	19.8	0.078
Hip/thighs (%)	13.8	14.8	0.768	12.4	17.4	0.149
Knees (%)	22.7	27.8	0.222	22.5	28.1	0.186
Ankles/feet (%)	27.6	19.6	0.052	20.0	28.1	0.049^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Have you had problems on.. in the last 7 days
Neck (%)	8.0	10.5	0.363	8.4	10.8	0.96
Shoulders (%)	17.9	19.1	0.731	16.1	16.6	0.146
Upper back (%)	11.1	13.4	0.469	9.1	16.8	0.016^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Elbows (%)	2.7	5.7	0.108	2.2	7.2	0.010^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Wrists/hands (%)	8.0	15.8	0.012^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).	7.3	18.6	<0.001^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Low back (%)	15.1	17.2	0.550	12.0	21.6	0.007^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Hip/thighs (%)	12.4	13.9	0.659	12.0	15.0	0.370
Knees (%)	21.8	30.6	0.036^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).	20.4	33.5	0.002^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).
Ankles/feet (%)	15.6	19.1	0.324	10.9	26.9	< 0.001^* * Significant result (Chi-square test for differences among proportions).

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[1] Correspondence to: Érico Pereira Gomes Felden CEFID/UDESC Rua Paschoal Simoni 358 88080-350 Florianópolis. SC, Brasil. E-mail: ericofelden@gmail.com

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Sleep and musculoskeletal complaints among elite athletes of Santa Catarina* * Received from University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

Sleep and musculoskeletal complaints among elite athletes of Santa Catarina^* * Received from University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.