Heden, Von Essen, & Ljungman1212 Hedén L, Von Essen L, Ljungman G. Randomized interventions for needle
procedures in children with cancer. Eur J Cancer Care.
2009;18(4):358-63.
|
3 Study not described as double-blind |
n=28 n=14 Intervention group blowing soap bubbles
n=14 Intervention group warm pad |
2 to 7 years |
S u b c u t a - neous puncture for TI- -CVC
acess |
blowing soap bubbles Warm pad |
VAS |
To evaluate whether children had less
fear, distress and pain at routine puncture when submitted to some
interventions: blowing soap bubbles our warm pad, as compared to usual
established care. |
W i n d i c h --Biermeier, Sj o b e rg, Dale, et
al.1313 Windich-Biermeier A, Sjoberg I, Dale JC, Eshelman D, Guzzetta CE.
Effects of distraction on pain, fear, and distress during venous port access and
venipuncture in children and adolescents with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs.
2007;24(1):8-19.
|
2 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of removal and waiver of the sample. |
n=50 n=28 Control group n=22 Intervention
group |
5 to 1 8 years |
S u b c u t a-neous puncture for TI--CVC access
and venous puncture |
Self-selected interventions, among them: bubbles,
chal-l e n g i n g book, virtual reality glasses or portable games |
CAS Glasses Fear Scale OSBD |
To evaluate the effect of
self-selected distractions on pain, fear and distress in cancer children and
adolescents submitted to procedures such as venous access, via subcutaneous
puncture, to TI-CVC or venous punctures. |
Wol itzky, Fivush, Zi-mand, et al.1414 Wolitzky K, Fivush R, Zimand E, Hodges L, Rothbaum BO. Effectiveness of
virtual reality distraction during a painful medical procedure in pediatric oncology
patients. Psychol Health. 2005;20(6):817-24.
|
2 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of randomization method. |
n=20 n=10 Experimental group -Virtual reality
n=10 Control group |
7 to 1 4 years |
S u b c u t a-neous puncture for TI--CVC
access |
Virtual reality |
VAS H o w-1 - Feel Questionnaire Heart rate
CHEOPS |
To evaluate the effectiveness of
virtual reality as behavioral intervention to decrease distress during
TI-CVC access procedure. |
G e rs h o n , Z i m a n d , Pickering,et
al.1515 Gershon J, Zimand E, Pickering M, Rothbaum BO, Hodges L. A pilot and
feasibility study of virtual reality as a distraction for children with cancer. J Am
Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(10):1243-9.
|
2 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of removal and waiver of the sample. |
n=59 n=22 Virtual reality distraction n=22
Control group w/o distraction n=15 distraction w/o virtual reality |
7 to 1 9 years |
S u b c u t a-neous puncture for TI--CVC
access |
Virtual reality |
VAS Heart rate CHEOPS |
To observe the feasibility of a new
technology to decrease anxiety and pain associated to invasive procedures in
cancer children. |
Authors |
JADAD |
Sample size |
Age group |
Invasive procedure |
Distraction intervention |
Evaluation scales |
Objective |
Dahlquist, P e n dley, Landthrip,et al.1616 Dahlquist LM, Pendley JS, Landthrip DS, Jones CL, Steuber CP.
Distraction intervention for preschoolers undergoing intramuscular injections and
subcutaneous port access. Health Psychol. 2002;21(1):94-9.
|
2 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of randomization method. |
n=29 No description of sample of each group. |
2 to 5 years |
Su bcuta-neous puncture for TI--CVC access and
muscle injections |
Electronic toy |
OSBD |
To evaluate a distraction
intervention developed to decrease distress of pre-school children submitted
to repeated chemotherapy injections. |
Broome, Rehwaldt & Fogg1717 Broome ME, Rehwaldt M, Fogg L. Relationships between cognitive
behavioral techniques, temperament, observed distress, and pain reports in children
and adolescents during lumbar puncture. J Pediatr Nurs.
1998;13(1):48-54.
|
3 Study not described as double-blind. |
n=19 No description of sample of each group. |
4 to 18 years |
Lumbar puncture |
Relaxation, distraction and imagination |
Oucher Scale OSBD |
To examine how specific individual
differences and contextual variables influence children/adolescents response
to painful procedures during cancer treatment and how do such variables
influence the effectiveness of relaxation, distraction and imagination. |
M a n n e , Bakeman, Jacobsen, et al.1818 Manne SL, Bakeman R, Jacobsen PB, Gorfinkle K, Redd WH. An analysis of a
behavioral intervention for children undergoing venipuncture. Health Psychol.
1994;13(6):556-66.
|
1 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of randomization method. No description of removal and waiver of
the sample. |
n=35 n=17 Group with training nurse n=18 Group
w/o training nurse |
36 to Venous 1 0 7 puncture
months |
Intervention has i ncorpo-rated both distraction
(party blower used by children) and parents’ training during procedure. |
Own scale |
To analyze a behavioral intervention
developed to decrease stress in children submitted to venous puncture for
cancer treatment. |
M a n n e , Redd, Jacobsen, et al.1919 Manne SL, Redd WH, Jacobsen PB, Gorfinkle K, Schorr O. Behavioral
intervention to reduce child and parent distress during venipuncture. J Consult Clin
Psychol. 1990;58(5):565-72.
|
1 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of randomization method. |
n=23 n=13 Experimental group n=10 Control
group |
3 to 9 years |
Venous puncture |
Use of party blower by means of parent training
and positive reinforcement |
VAS |
To investigate a behavioral
intervention incorporating parents training, attention distraction and
positive reinforcement to control children’s affliction/distress during
invasive cancer treatment. |
Smith, Ackerson & Blotcky2020 Smith KE, Ackerson JD, Blotcky AD. Reducing distress during invasive
medical procedures: relating behavioral interventions to preferred coping style in
pediatric cancer patients. J Pediatr Psychol. 1989;14(3):405-19.
|
2 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of randomization method. |
n=28 No description of sample of each group. |
6 to 18 years |
Bone marrow aspiration and/ or lumbar
puncture |
Verbal distraction and sensory information |
OSBD Self-reported fear and pain measures
Physiological anxiety measure |
To combine two behavioral
interventions with two coping styles and to evaluate its effectiveness to
minimize fear and pain in pediatric cancer patients who have experienced
several invasive procedures. |
Kuttner, Bowman e, Te- asdale2121 Kuttner L, Bowman M, Teasdale M. Psychological treatment of distress,
pain, and anxiety for young children with cancer. J Dev Behav Pediatr.
1988;9(6):374-81.
|
2 Study not described as double-blind. No
description of randomization method. |
n=48 No description of sample of each group. |
3 to 6 years and 7 to 1 0 years |
Bone marrow aspiration |
Hypnosis, “imaginative event”, behavioral
distraction |
PBRS-R Observational scale for pain and anxiety
Self-report scale developed and validated for the study |
To compare the effectiveness of
hypnosis, “imaginative involvement”, behavioral distraction and standard
medical practice to decrease pain, distress and anxiety in leukemia children
during bone marrow aspiration. |