Akyol et al.1010 Akyol Y, Durmus D, Alayli G, Tander B, Bek Y, Canturk F, et al. Does short-wave diathermy increase the effectiveness of isokinetic exercise on pain, function, knee muscle strength, quality of life, and depression in the patients with knee osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled clinical study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010;46(3):325-36.
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Evaluation: WOMAC, VAS, isokinetic dynamometry, SF-36, TC6, Beck |
SWD has no additional significant effect on pain and other variables (functionality, stiffness, depression, gait velocity, muscle strength and quality of life). |
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inventory. |
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Intervention: |
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G1 (n=20): kinesiotherapy (muscle strengthening on isokinetic dynamometer) + |
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SWD (frequency 27,12 MHz, intensity according to patients’ sensitivity, time of |
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20 minutes); |
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G2 (n=20): kinesiotherapy (same protocol as G1); |
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IT: 12 sessions, 3x/week, 4 weeks. |
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Rabini et al.1313 Rabini A, Piazzini DB, Tancredi G, Foti C, Milano G, Ronconi G, et al. Deep heating therapy via microwave diathermy relieves pain and improves physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2012;48(4):549-59.
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Evaluation: WOMAC, BMRC, VAS. |
MW has decreased pain and improved other variables (muscle strength and physical function) with long term benefits. |
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Intervention: |
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G1 (n=27): MW (potency of 40W, temperature of 38°C, time of 30 minutes). |
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G2 (n=27): hot compresses (temperature of 38°C, time of 30 minutes). |
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IT: 12 sessions, 3x/week, to 4 weeks. |
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Jan et al.1414 Jan MH, Chai HM, Wang CL, Lin YF, Tsai LY. Effects of repetitive shortwave diathermy for reducing synovitis in patients with knee osteoarthritis: an ultrasonographic study. Phys Ther. 2006;86(2):236-44.
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Evaluation: ultrasound, VAS. |
SWD has significantly decreased pain and synovial thickness. |
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Intervention: |
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G1 (n=11): SWD (intensity tolerated by patient, time of 20 minutes); |
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G2 (n=10): SWD (same protocol as G1) + drugs (non-steroid anti-inflammatory |
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drugs); |
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G3 (n=9): control. |
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IT: 30 sessions, 3x to 5x/ week, up to 8 weeks. |
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Silva, Imoto & Croci1515 Silva AL, Imoto DM, Croci AT. Estudo comparativo entre a aplicação de crioterapia, cinesioterapia e ondas curtas no tratamento da osteoartrite de joelho. Acta Ortop Bras. 2007;15(4):204-9.
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Evaluation: sphygmomanometer, VAS, goniometry, Lequesne index. |
Most adequate protocol for improving pain was that of G2. Both protocols were effective in improving functionality, joint movement amplitude and flexibility, while only G3 has improved muscle strength. |
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Intervention: |
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G1(n=9): SWD (20 minutes, without specifying parameters) + kinesiotherapy (wi- |
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thout specification); |
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G2(n=6): criotherapy (20 minutes) + kinesiotherapy (without specification); |
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G3(n=9): kinesiotherapy (without specification); |
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IT: 10 sessions, 2x/week. |
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Fukuda et al.1616 Fukuda TY, Alves da Cunha R, Fukuda VO, Rienzo FA, Cazarini C Jr, Carvalho Nde A, et al. Pulsed shortwave treatment in women with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phys Ther. 2011;91(7):1009-17.
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Evaluation: KOOS questionnaire; |
Pulsed SWD is an effective method to decrease pain and improve other variables (functionality and quality of life) in the short term. |
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Intervention: |
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G1 (n=35): control. |
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G2 (n=23): placebo (19 minutes). |
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G3 (n=32): pulsed low dose SWD (power 14,5W, time 19 minutes; total energy |
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17 kJ); |
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G4 (n=31): pulsed high dose SWD (power 14,5W, time 38 minutes; total energy |
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33kJ). |
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IT: 9 sessions, 3x/week. |
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Carlos, Belli & Alfredo1717 Carlos KP, Belli BS, Alfredo PP. Efeito do ultrassom pulsado e do ultrassom contínuo associado a exercícios em pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho: estudo piloto. Fisioter Pesqui. 2012;19(3):275-81.
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Evaluation: WOMAC, Lequesne Index, VAS, goniometry, portable dinamometry |
CUS associated to kinesiotherapy was the most effective protocol to decrease pain and improve other variables (joint mobility, functionality and quality of life). |
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and TGUG. |
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Intervention: |
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G1(n=10): CUS (intensity 1.5 W/cm2, continuous mode – 100%) + kinesiotherapy |
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(heating, muscle strengthening, time 45 minutes); |
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G2(n=10): PUS (intensity 2.5 W/cm2, pulsed mode 20% – pulse repetition fre- |
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quency 100 Hz) + kinesiotherapy (same protocol as G1); |
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G3(n=10): kinesiotherapy (same protocol as G1). |
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IT: G1 and G2: 24 sessions (first 12; use of US and for other exercises). |
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IT G3: 24 sessions (kinesiotherapy alone). |
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Evaluation: VAS, WOMAC, TC15, goniometry, drug ingestion. |
Groups using physical agents have decreased pain and drug ingestion in a more significant way, although all groups have shown improvements. |
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Intervention: |
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Atamaz et al.1818 Atamaz FC, Durmaz B, Baydar M, Demircioglu OY, Iyiyapici A, Kuran B, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents, and shortwave diathermy in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(5):748-56.
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G1 (n=37): TENS sham and kinesiotherapy; |
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G2 (n=37): TENS (frequency 80Hz, intensity 10 to 30 mA, time 20 minutes) + |
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kinesiotherapy; |
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G3 (n=35): CI sham + kinesiotherapy; |
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G4 (n=31): CI (modulation frequency in amplitude of 100 Hz, time 20 minutes) + |
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kinesiotherapy; |
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G5 (n=32): US sham + kinesiotherapy; |
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G6 (n=31): US (frequency of 27.12MHz and intensity of 3.2 W/cm2, time 20 minu- |
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tes) + kinesiotherapy; |
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kinesiotherapeutic program used for all groups: warm up, muscle elongation and |
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muscle strengthening. |
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IT of physical agents: 15 sessions, 5x/week. |
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IT of kinesiotherapy exercises: 09 sessions, 3x/week. |
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Mascarin et al.1919 Mascarin NC, Vancini RL, Andrade ML, Magalhães EP, Lira CA, Coimbra IB. Effects of kinesiotherapy, ultrasound and electrotherapy in management of bilateral knee osteoarthritis: prospective clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;22(13):182.
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Evaluation: WOMAC, VAS, goniometry, TC6. |
Both groups were effective in decreasing pain and improving WOMAC variables. |
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Intervention: |
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G1 (n=16): kinesiotherapy (muscle elongation and strengthening, time 20 minu- |
However, just G2 and G3 have improved travelled distance in TC6. |
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tes); |
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G2 (n=12): TENS (frequency of 100 Hz, pulse width 50 mS, intensity according |
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to individual sensitivity, mode 50% frequency, quadratic, two-phase symmetric |
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pulse, during 20 minutes) + kinesiotherapy (same protocol as G1); |
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G3 (n=12): US (frequency of 01 MHz and intensity at 0.8 W/cm2, time 25 minutes) |
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+ kinesiotherapy (same protocol as G1); |
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IT: 24 sessions, 2x/week. |
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Chen et al.2020 Chen TW, Lin CW, Lee CL, Chen CH, Chen YJ, Lin TY, et al. The efficacy of shock wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis and popliteal cyamella. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2014;30(7):362-70.
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Evaluation: goniometry, VAS, Lequesne Index, isokinetic dinamometry. |
Shock waves therapy was better than USP to decrease pain and other variables (joint movement amplitude, functionality, muscle strength). |
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Intervention: |
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G1 (n=30): isokinetic muscle strengthening (muscle elongation, application of |
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warm compresses on affected site, heating, muscle strengthening of knee ex- |
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tensors and flexors). |
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G2 (n=30): PUS (frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 2.5 W/cm2, pulse of 25%, time |
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10 minutes). |
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G3 (n=30): shock waves (density 0.03-0.4 mJ/mm2, frequency 1-8 Hz and pres- |
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sure range of 11-82 MPa). |
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G4 (n=30): control. |
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IT: 24 sessions (3x/week), except G3 (18 sessions). |
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