Brazilian organic sugarcane spirits: Physicochemical and chromatographic profile1

Duarte, Felipe Cimino; Cardoso, Maria das Graças; Santiago, Wilder Douglas; Machado, Ana Maria Resende; Nelson, David Lee

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20170033

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Food Engineering • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 48 (2) • Apr-Jun 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20170033 copy

Brazilian organic sugarcane spirits: Physicochemical and chromatographic profile¹ 1 Projeto de pesquisa do primeiro autor apresentado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Lavras (DCA/UFLA)

Cachaças orgânicas brasileiras: perfil físico-químico e cromatográfico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

There has been a growing demand for products from organic agriculture for the food market. Brazil leads the production of sugarcane spirits and produces about 1.6 billion liters/year. New technologies have been sought throughout the supply chain to improve production, and organic raw material has been used in the production of sugar cane for the production of beverages. This study aimed to define the physicochemical and chromatographic profiles of eleven organic sugarcane spirits samples from various Brazilian states. The secondary components and contaminants were identified and quantified through physicochemical analyses, HPLC and gas chromatography (GC). A significant percentage of the organic sugarcane spirits samples contained concentrations of components that were above the limits required by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Provisioning (MAPA), specifically the esters (18.20%), copper and dry extract (9.10%). This contamination is caused by bad conditions employed during the production process, which are not in compliance with the good manufacturing practices determined and legislated by Brazilian law.

Key words:
Identification; Quantification; Volatile Compounds; Ethyl carbamate

Componente	R²	Concentration range (mg 100 mL a.a^-1)	DL (mg 100 mL a.a^-1)	QL (mg 100 mL a.a^-1)
Ethyl acetate	0.9961	2 - 250	2.0	6.7
Methyl alcohol	0.9986	1 - 50	1.03	3.4
sec-Butyl Alcohol	0.9992	1 - 30	1.1	3.6
Propyl alcohol	0.9976	2 - 250	2.3	7.6
Isobutyl alcohol	0.9981	2 - 250	2.5	8.3
Butyl alcohol	0.9993	1 - 9	1.7	5.6
Isoamyl alcohol	0.9992	2 - 250	2.0	6.7

Samples	Copper mg L^-1	Dry Extract g L-1	Alcohol Content (%)	Volatile Acidity^* * mg in 100 mL of anhydrous alcohol.	Total higher alcohols^* * mg in 100 mL of anhydrous alcohol.	Furfural^* * mg in 100 mL of anhydrous alcohol.	Aldehyde^* * mg in 100 mL of anhydrous alcohol.	Esters^* * mg in 100 mL of anhydrous alcohol.	Methanol^* * mg in 100 mL of anhydrous alcohol.
01	3.69	0.57	39.91	37.54	228.94	0.02	13.49	222.43	Nd
02	2.79	0.70	39.75	71.63	312.03	0.27	21.37	221.18	Nd
03	4.79	0.38	42.23	102.92	215.33	0.93	20.17	129.09	Nd
04	5.33	0.25	41.23	59.98	179.91	0.08	19.35	196.19	Nd
05	1.09	0.43	38.59	102.92	196.49	0.74	14.23	185.03	Nd
06	2.72	0.18	43.05	43.52	218.98	0.04	22.58	194.03	Nd
07	4.60	0.22	39.25	57.23	292.53	0.03	4.11	199.38	Nd
08	4.09	0.26	39.58	75.80	264.91	0.10	21.46	55.12	2.75
09	0.05	0.10	40.74	18.40	64.32	0.06	16.28	70.65	4.21
10	1.04	0.19	39.06	43.68	286.80	0.01	21.46	40.26	8.63
11	1.40	43.78	39.31	33.96	183.92	0	16.26	31.11	9.10
Legal limit^ (BRASIL, 2005)	5.0	6.0	38-54.0	150.0	360.0	5.0	30.0	200.0	20.0

Concentration mg 100 mL of anhydrous ethyl alcohol (aa)^-1
Sample	Ethyl acetate	Methyl alcohol	sec-Butyl Alcohol	Propyl alcohol	Isobutyl alcohol	Butyl alcohol	Isoamyl alcohol	Higher alcohols^* * Sum of higher alcohols: Propyl alcohol + 2-Methyl-propanol + Isoamyl alcohol;
01	155.72 ± 2.78	<DL	4.56 ± 0.91	35.52 ± 4.22	49.85 ± 5.02	1.01 ± 0.21	134.81 ± 2.98	220.18
02	154.73 ± 1.23	<DL	6.07 ± 1.01	49.92 ± 5.01	65.47 ± 4.98	2.8 ± 0.21	185.13 ± 4.98	300.52
03	90.47 ± 1.23	<DL	3.3 ± 0.24	34.45 ± 3.27	47.4 ± 3.67	1.03 ± 0.09	129.06 ± 4.89	207.91
04	139.16 ± 1.54	<DL	2.01 ± 0.15	26.98 ± 2.54	42.73 ± 4.98	1.72 ± 0.09	104.54 ± 2.86	174.25
05	133.27 ± 1.78	<DL	5.71 ± 0.87	32.4 ± 4.89	45.02 ± 2.98	1.54 ± 0.32	110.86 ± 4.65	188.28
06	133.87 ± 1.45	<DL	3.32 ± 0.91	31.78 ± 2.35	50.09 ± 4.01	1.65 ± 0.12	130.07 ± 3.98	211.94
07	143.55 ± 2.56	<DL	2.92 ± 0.35	51.72 ± 5.02	62.15 ± 3.25	1.46 ± 0.31	172.05 ± 5.09	285.93
08	39.05 ± 0.67	2.65 ± 0.19	3.28 ± 0.54	42.24 ± 3.45	53.84 ± 4.01	2.64 ± 0.12	158.08 ± 3.87	254.16
09	60.86 ± 0.89	4.03 ± 0.19	1.28 ± 0.76	12.24 ± 1.25	13.75 ± 1.90	0.67 ± 0.02	35.09 ± 0.98	61.08
10	27.78 ± 0.45	8.34 ± 0.16	6.4 ± 0.97	41.76 ± 4.76	62.19 ± 4.87	2.87 ± 0.15	171.06 ± 2.96	275.01
11	22.39 ± 0.21	9.12 ± 0.98	3.66 ± 0.78	29.28 ± 2.14	40.28 ± 3.19	1.87 ± 0.17	106.09 ± 2.65	175.65
Norm^ Norm Nº 13 (BRASIL, 2005)	200	20	10	-	-	3	-	360

Samples	Ethyl carbamate (μg L^-1)
01	24.46
02	< DL
03	< DL
04	< DL
05	< DL
06	< DL
07	< DL
08	< DL
09	< DL
10	< DL
11	< DL

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Brazilian organic sugarcane spirits: Physicochemical and chromatographic profile1 1 Projeto de pesquisa do primeiro autor apresentado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Lavras (DCA/UFLA)

Cachaças orgânicas brasileiras: perfil físico-químico e cromatográfico

ABSTRACT

Brazilian organic sugarcane spirits: Physicochemical and chromatographic profile¹ 1 Projeto de pesquisa do primeiro autor apresentado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Lavras (DCA/UFLA)