Macronutrients uptake rate and biomass partitioning during early growth of Jatropha plants1

Santos, Elcio Ferreira; Macedo, Fernando Giovannetti; Zanchim, Bruno José; Camacho, Marcos Antonio; Lavres, José

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20170066

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Soil Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 48 (4) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20170066 copy

Macronutrients uptake rate and biomass partitioning during early growth of Jatropha plants¹ 1 Pesquisa apoiada pela FAPESP

Taxa de absorção de macronutrientes e partição de biomassa durante o crescimento inicial do pinhão-manso

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Jatropha seeds oil can replace fossil fuels, but the nutrient supply management for this species is not fully described. The objective with this work was to establish curves of macronutrient (nitrogen - N; phosphorus - P; potassium - K; calcium - Ca; magnesium - Mg and sulfur - S) content in leaves, stem and roots, and to evaluate the relative growth rate (RGR), absolute growth rate (AGR) and the foliar mass ratio (FMR). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with five replications. Jatropha plants were grown in nutrient solution and collected at intervals of 14 up to 119 days after treatments started. The period of highest uptake of nutrients occurred from 7 to 35 days after treatments started, which coincides with highest AGR, RGR, FMR and accumulation of dry biomass. The highest Ca and Mg accumulation occurred in the leaves (respectively 48% and 47% of the total taken up), while N, K, S and P were mostly accumulated in the stem (58%, 56%, 56% and 53%, respectively). The nutrients more taken up by Jatropha plants were N and Ca, and the order of macronutrients uptake was: N > Ca > K > Mg > S > P. Jatropha plants have shown high macronutrients content on its early development, indicating the importance of nutritional management to achieve reliable biomass yield.

Key words:
Jatropha curcas; Nutrient uptake; Relative growth rate; Macronutrients uptake curves; Macronutrient uptake rates

Variation Source	Variables
------------------------------------------------------------- Leaves Content -------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	425.28^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	102.62^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	7350.80^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	504.58^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1221.83^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1154.18^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1016.04^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
-------------------------------------------------------------- Stem Content --------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	3680.36^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1456.77^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3528.86^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3349.29^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2178.44^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3084.24^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3921.72^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
------------------------------------------------------------- Roots Content --------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	3847.63^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	79.85^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3200.86^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3434.89^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3954.57^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3000.58^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3576.28^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
-------------------------------------------------------------- Total Content --------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	3168,11^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	122.84^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2646.13^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2600.85^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1941.72^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2056.85^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3155.99^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
---------------------------------------------------------- Growth Parameters -----------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	AGR	RGR			FMR
Days after treatments started	325.41^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	333.52^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability			136.25^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
----------------------------------------------- Macronutrients Uptake Rate (119 DAT) ----------------------------------------------
Third Time Eveluation	N		P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Third Time Eveluation	138.42^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability		232.74^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	196.96^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	115.89^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	204.27^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	33.45^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
------------------------------------------------- Macronutrients Content (119 DAT) -------------------------------------------------
Plant Tissue	N		P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Plant Tissue	127.75^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability		139.76^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	170.03^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	129.30^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	126.68^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	173.76^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability

Evaluation time	AGR	RGR	FMR
Evaluation time	g g^-1 day	g g^-1 day	g g^-1
7 DAT	0.181±0.012 c	0.034±0.001 c	0.473±0.021 a
21 DAT	0.349±0.152 b	0.113±0.003 a	0.472±0.030 a
35 DAT	0.780±0.011 a	0.073±0.004 b	0.253±0.015 bc
49 DAT	0.017±0.031 e	0.011±0.002 d	0.278±0.014 b
63 DAT	0.401±0.021 b	0.023±0.002 c	0.248±0.021 c
77 DAT	0.389±0.011 b	0.017±0.003 c	0.208±0.013 d
91 DAT	0.138±0.021 cd	0.005±0.001 c	0.185±0.024 de
105 DAT	0.335±0.021 b	0.011±0.005 c	0.163±0.031 ef
119 DAT	0.071±0.021 d	0.002±0.001 c	0.147±0.018 f

Nutrient	Days after treatments started (DAT)			Content in leaves	Content in stem	Content in roots
	0 to 35	36 to 77	78 to 119	------------------------------- 119 DAT -----------------------------
	Uptake rate of nutrient (%)			------------------------------ mg/plant -------------------------------
N	24±0.9 c	41±1.5 a	35±1.4 b	76.0±3.5 b	143.4±3.1 a	56.2±1.2 c
P	56±1.5 a	36±1.5 b	8±0.5 c	5.9±0.8 b	16.2±2.2 a	8.5±0.4 b
K	53±1.6 a	38±1.6 b	10±0.8 c	31.2±1.1 b	94.1±2.3 a	43.7±0.9 b
Ca	51±2.2 a	21±2.2 b	28±1.8 b	102.9±2.1 a	75.6±1.5 b	32.8±1.4 c
Mg	54±1.9 a	36±2.5 b	10±1.1 c	41.1±8.7 a	33.0±2.4 a	13.1±1.2 b
S	41±1.1 a	34±2.1 b	25±2.2 c	10.2±1.3 b	29.3±1.5 a	12.6±0.5 b

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E-mail: ccarev@ufc.br

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Variation Source	Variables
------------------------------------------------------------- Leaves Content -------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	425.28^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	102.62^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	7350.80^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	504.58^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1221.83^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1154.18^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1016.04^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
-------------------------------------------------------------- Stem Content --------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	3680.36^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1456.77^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3528.86^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3349.29^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2178.44^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3084.24^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3921.72^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
------------------------------------------------------------- Roots Content --------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	3847.63^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	79.85^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3200.86^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3434.89^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3954.57^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3000.58^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3576.28^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
-------------------------------------------------------------- Total Content --------------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	DW	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Days after treatments started	3168,11^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	122.84^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2646.13^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2600.85^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	1941.72^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	2056.85^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	3155.99^ and *** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
---------------------------------------------------------- Growth Parameters -----------------------------------------------------------
Days after treatments started	AGR	RGR			FMR
Days after treatments started	325.41^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	333.52^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability			136.25^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
----------------------------------------------- Macronutrients Uptake Rate (119 DAT) ----------------------------------------------
Third Time Eveluation	N		P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Third Time Eveluation	138.42^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability		232.74^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	196.96^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	115.89^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	204.27^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	33.45^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability
------------------------------------------------- Macronutrients Content (119 DAT) -------------------------------------------------
Plant Tissue	N		P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Plant Tissue	127.75^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability		139.76^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	170.03^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	129.30^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	126.68^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability	173.76^* *and ** Significant at 5 and 1% probability

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Macronutrients uptake rate and biomass partitioning during early growth of Jatropha plants1 1 Pesquisa apoiada pela FAPESP

Taxa de absorção de macronutrientes e partição de biomassa durante o crescimento inicial do pinhão-manso

ABSTRACT

Macronutrients uptake rate and biomass partitioning during early growth of Jatropha plants¹ 1 Pesquisa apoiada pela FAPESP