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SPG studies |
Chondros et al. 200920
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Data expressed as mean bacterial levels. No information was reported regarding intra-group comparisons in the control group. |
“both treatments resulted in significant reductions in [mean level of] T. denticola, F. nucleatum, (…). The only differences between the two treatments were statistically significant reductions of (…) E. corrodens and Capnocytophaga sp. at 6mo after treatment with PDT.” |
Colombo et al. 200521
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Data expressed as mean detection frequency (%) and mean levels count (x 105 cells). |
“Significant reductions in the prevalence and levels were observed for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Although this last species reduced significantly in counts over time, its frequency increased to baseline values at 9 mo post-therapy.” |
“Species of Prevotella showed a modest decrease in prevalence, however, their levels were markedly reduced.” |
“the most striking changes in prevalence and levels of the majority of the microorganisms occurred during the first 3mo after SRP, although several species still presented lower levels at 9mo when compared with baseline values.” |
“these results indicate that periodic maintenance visits are needed to keep the pathogenic species at lowered levels.” |
Quirynem et al. 200522
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Data expressed as detection frequency [n = 16], and mean changes in total number of CFU/ml for aerobic and anaerobic species. SR: single-rooted teeth; MR: multi-rooted teeth. |
P. gingivalis: 3 mo: SR: 3, MR: 3; 6 mo: SR: 2, MR: 3; P. intermedia: 3 mo: SR: 11, MR: 13; 6 mo: SR: 10, MR: 13. |
“The number of aerobic as well as anaerobic species around SR (…) remained nearly unchanged for the placebo group (small treatment effect with a 0.3 log reduction).” |
“For the MR the changes were comparable with similar intra- as well as inter-product variations.” |
Rosling et al. 199723
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Data expressed as total viable counts (TVC x 106): Day 0: 15 x 106; 36 mo: 12 x 106. |
Data expressed as mean % of bacteria in positive samples (number positive patients) [n = 20]: A. actinomycetemcomitans: Day 0: 0.1(5); 36 mo: 0.1(1); P. gingivalis: Day 0: 7(9); 36 mo: 2(4); P. intermedia: Day 0: 4(19); 36 mo: 2(16). |
Westfelt et al. 199824
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Data expressed as mean total viable counts (TVC x 106): Day 0: 20.1 ± 22.0; 36mo: 5.4 ± 11.9. |
Data expressed as mean % of bacterial species (number positive patients) [n = 12]: A. actinomycetemcomitans: Day 0: 0.6 ± 1.2 (5); 36 mo: 4.0 ± 8.6 (4); P. gingivalis: Day 0: 14.7 ± 25.4 (4); 36mo: 0.4 ± 0.3 (1); P. intermedia: Day 0: 9.6 ± 11.6 (12); 36 mo: 3.5 ± 5.0 (12). |
|
SPG + SBG studies |
Bogren et al. 200829
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Data expressed as mean counts (x 105). Results just regarding sites PPD ≥ 5 mm. C: control group; T: test group. |
“Mean counts of 13 of 40 and 8 of 40 target species changed significantly over time in the T and C groups, respectively. In particular, species in the green complex showed significant reductions over time in C group, whereas species in the green and orange complexes were significantly reduced over time in the T group.” |
Cortelli et al. 200825
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Data expressed as mean bacteria values (frequencies of bacteria) [n = 15]. |
A. actinomycetemcomitans: 3 mo: 3.70(2); 6 mo: 3.30(0); 9 mo: 3.30(0); 12 mo: 3.30(0); P. gingivalis: 3 mo: 3.67(4); 6 mo: 3.27(2); 9 mo: 3.27(2); 12 mo: 3.27(2); P. intermedia: 3 mo: 4.20(5); 6 mo: 3.40(1); 9 mo: 3.20(0); 12 mo: 3.20(0); F. nucleatum: 3 mo: 3.23(3); 6 mo: 3.23(3); 9 mo: 3.43(4); 12 mo: 3.43(4). |
Cugini et al. 200030
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Data expressed as prevalence and levels, and mean % of DNA probe counts. |
“P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T.denticola decreased in prevalence and levels up to the 6mo visit and remained at these lower levels at 9- and 12mo”. |
“levels and prevalence T. forsythia, P. gingivalis decreased significantly”. |
“proportion of the total DNA probe count that T. forsythia, P. gingivalis comprised was significantly decreased at 12mo”. |
“[T. forsythia and P. gingivalis] declined in prevalence until 6mo and showed a slight increase at 9- and 12mo post therapy whereas proportions continued to decrease. The decline in proportion of these species paralleled the decrease in PPD.” |
“most profound reduction occurred during the first 3mo post SRP although these species were still reduced significantly at 12mo when compared with pre-treatment levels. Thus, maintenance scaling appeared to be important in maintaining the initial post therapy decreases in selected species for prolonged periods of time.” |
Ehmke et al. 200531
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Data expressed as % of patients colonized. C: control group; T: test group |
“both therapies had only a limited influence on the prevalence of the majority of assessed periodontal pathogens. With the exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans no long-term eradication of pathogens was registered over the entire study period.” |
“No additional differences in detection frequencies of P. gingivalis were found between T and C group patients over the study period.” |
“No significant differences were found between T and C group concerning the prevalence of T. forsythia, Treponema ssp., and P. intermedia.” |
“In 5 T-group patients and 1 C-group patient, A. actinomycetemcomitans was suppressed over the 24mo study period. In the remaining patients, A. actinomycetemcomitans was temporarily suppressed or persisted.” |
Gunsolley et al. 199426
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Data expressed as mean levels (mean proportion of positive sites). |
A. actinomycetemcomitans: 3mo: 0.18±0.06 (0.12±0.03); 6mo: 0.27±0.14 (0.08±0.03); 9mo: 0.07±0.04 (0.05±0.02); 12mo: 0.14±0.06 (0.07±0.02). |
P. gingivalis: 3mo: 0.08±0.06 (0.03±0.17); 6mo: 0.09±0.05 (0.04±0.02); 9mo: 0.07±0.03 (0.05±0.02); 12mo: 0.68±0.20 (0.14±0.03). |
Haffajee et al. 200132
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Data expressed as mean total counts (x105); mean number of positive patients (%). M: manual brushing; P: powered brushing. |
“There was a significant decrease in total counts for (…) subgingival plaque samples in the subjects using the manual brush and a significant decrease in subgingival counts for the P group. The majority of subjects in both groups showed a decrease in total counts from baseline to 6 mo.” |
“All taxa examined were reduced in prevalence for both brushing groups. Only A. actinomycetemcomitans increased in prevalence in both groups.” |
“prevalence of the red complex species, T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola was markedly decreased for most subjects.” |
“The major finding was the effect of supragingival plaque removal on the composition of the subgingival microbiota.” |
Kolbe et al. 201427
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Data expressed as amount (log10 ± SEM) and percentage of positive sites: A. actinomycetemcomitans: Day 0: 2.7 ± 3.1 (47.1%); 3 mo: 1.6 ± 2.1 (47.1%); 6 mo: 2.7 ± 2.5 (64.7%); P. gingivalis: Day 0: 1.6 ± 1.4 (58.8%); 3 mo: 1.5 ± 1.4 (52.9%); 6 mo: 1.0 ± 1.4 (35.5%); T. forsythia: Day 0: 4.9 ± 3.6 (68.18%); 3 mo: 5.3 ± 2.8 (63.63%); 6 mo: 4.7 ± 3.8 (63.63%). |
Krohn-Dale et al. 201233
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Data expressed as total bacteria scores and number of positive patients. C: control group; T: test group. |
“Total bacterial scores showed an overall significant difference by time for the C group (p = 0.002) and a borderline difference for the T group (p = 0.05). The difference between groups was not significant. Comparable values of bacterial counts were recorded at different time points for the two treatments.“ |
“In the C group, a significant reduction in bacterial counts was observed from baseline to 6 mo (p = 0.008) and to 12 mo (p = 0.003), whereas the reduction between 6 mo and 12 mo was not significant. The reduction in bacterial counts for the T group from baseline to 6- and 12 mo was close to significant, whereas the reduction between 6- and 12 mo was not significant.” |
“For both treatments, the prevalence of P. gingivalis decreased significantly from baseline to 6mo (control: p = 0.016; test: p = 0.039), and within the T group, a significant reduction was observed from baseline to 12 mo (p = 0.016). At 12 mo, P. gingivalis was totally eradicated in the C group, whereas one patient in the T group harbored P. gingivalis.” |
“prevalence of T. forsythia decreased significantly from baseline to 6 mo within the T group (p = 0.021) and the pathogen was not detected at 12 mo. In the C group, the reduction from baseline to 6- and 12 mo was not significant.” |
“significant reduction in prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans from baseline to 6 mo was only achieved for the C group (p = 0.008). From 6 to 12 mo, a rebound was observed for both treatments.” |
Listgarten et al. 198934
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Data expressed as mean proportion of bacterial morphotypes. C: control group; T: test group. |
“proportions of coccoid cells were not significantly different between the C and T groups. Proportions were highest during the first 6 mo, dropping sharply at the 1-year examination. (…) the proportions increased slightly with time, but never reached baseline levels.” |
“% of motile rods means did not differ significantly between groups, nor did they differ between examinations.” |
“mean proportions of spirochetes throughout the study was similar for the C and T group. The proportions decreased from baseline through the first 18mo. After stabilizing for the next 18mo, they began to increase again.” |
“percentages of “other” bacterial morphotypes for both treatment groups increased from the baseline and 6mo examinations to the 1-year and subsequent examinations. There were no differences between the proportions of other bacteria for the C and T groups.” |
“patients in the T group fared as well as the C patients both clinically and microbiologically.” |
McColl et al. 200635
|
Data expressed as prevalence (%) of individuals/ sites with counts > 105. D-group: control group. |
“There was a general pattern of increasing prevalence of bacterial pathogens with increasing time in both groups. From 6 mo on, there were significantly more patients in the D-group with high counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia than in the M-group. No difference was found for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia.” |
“At 12 mo, 68% [of individuals] in the D-group had one or more sites with at least two species of the Red Complex at counts > 105. The corresponding percentage of the sites amounted 35.9%, respectively.” |
“prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia remained at levels ≤ 105 in the majority of patients and sites in both groups.” |
Müller et al. 201428
|
Data expressed as numbers of positive sites with counts > 1000 and > 100,000 cells/ml (respectively) [n = 50]. |
Day 0: A. actinomycetemcomitans: 7 and 0; T. forsythia: 39 and 15; P. gingivalis: 37 and 12; T. denticola: 42 and 27; P. intermedia: 14 and 6; |
12mo: A. actinomycetemcomitans: 10 and 2; T. forsythia: 35 and 19; P. gingivalis: 34 and 10; T. denticola: 38 and 17; P. intermedia: 11 and 4. |
“The detection frequencies of the studied microorganisms at >1,000 and >100,000 cells/ml were not significantly different before and after 12 months. However, at the final examination the frequency of sites with counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans >1000 cells/ml was lower in the test compared to the control group, and no sample contained >100,000 cells/ml, compared to two in the control group.” |
Murray et al. 198936
|
Data expressed as log of the total CFU. C: conventional oral hygiene group; R: rotary tooth cleaner group; |
Obligate anaerobic bacteria: Day 0: C: 63.9% - R: 61.8%; 12mo: C: 30.2% - R: 33.1%. |
“for this patient group, microbiologic status paraleled clinical status for the 12-month study period.” |
Teles et al. 200837
|
Data expressed as mean total counts (x 105): Day 0: 37.7 x 105; 36 mo: 20.9 x 105. |
“Both clinical groups showed statistically significant reductions in the total mass of subgingival biofilm as measured by the total DNA probe counts” |
Ximenez-Fyvie et al. 200038
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Data expressed as mean total and individual species counts (x 105). |
“Mean total counts and mean counts of individual species (34/40) decreased after completion of the professional cleaning phase and continued to decrease even though the subjects returned to self-performed plaque control after the 3mo monitoring visit.” |
“The major effect was seen at 3mo, immediately after completion of the professional cleaning phase, for P. gingivalis and T. forsythia. Mean counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans were decreased at 3mo but continued to decline between 3- and 6mo.” |
“reduction in mean counts observed was due in part to a decrease in prevalence (% of sites colonized), but more to a reduction in the % of sites exhibiting high counts of the test species. 5 species were significantly decreased. P. gingivalis was found not only at significantly fewer sites but in significantly lower numbers.” |
“Therapy employed was able to establish a host compatible microbiota for a prolonged period of time.” |