Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

SOARES, Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira; ROCHA, Aletheia Moraes; REIS, Manuella Verdinelli de Paula; MOURA, Camilla Christian Gomes; SOARES, Carlos José

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.09216

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Revista de Odontologia da UNESP

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Original Articles • Rev. Odontol. UNESP 45 (4) • Jul-Aug 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.09216 copy

Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

Avaliação da água de coco neutralizada por diferentes agentes na viabilidade de fibroblastos humanos: estudo in vitro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF).

Material and method

Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), (3) Triethanolamine (C₆H₁₅NO₃), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C₄H₁₁NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×10⁴/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s and Dunnet’s test.

Result

There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05).

Conclusion

The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.

Descriptors:
Tooth avulsion; coconut water; cell viability

Period	Type of coconut water	Unajusted pH	pH adjusted to 7.0 using
Period	Type of coconut water	Unajusted pH	NaOH	NaHCO₃	TEA	AMP
2 hours	Natural	0.42 (0.04) ^Ba	2.06 (0.09) ^Aa	2.21 (0.17) ^Aa	1.90 (0.18) ^Aa	2.00(0.18) ^Aa
2 hours	Industrialized	0.45 (0.04) ^Ba	1.92 (0.12) ^Aa	1.72 (0.19) ^Aa	1.65 (0.15) ^Aa	1.58 (0.14) ^Aa
4 hours	Natural	0.35 (0.04) ^Ba	2.00 (0.16) ^Aa	1.90 (0.10) ^Aa	1.93 (0.13) ^Aa	1.69(0.12) ^Aa
4 hours	Industrialized	0.34 (0.05) ^Ba	1.56 (0.13) ^Aa	1.72 (0.19) ^Aa	1.37 (0.16) ^Aa	1.40 (0.19) ^Aa

Groups	Means (SD)	P value Positive Control	P Value Negative Control
Positive control group	2.76 (0.15)	-	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Negative control group	0.15 (0.00)	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.	-
Natural with unajusted pH	0.42 (0.04)	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.	P=0.41
Industrialized with unajusted pH	0.45 (0.04)	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.	P=0.40
Natural + pH adjusted with NaOH	2.06 (0.09)	P=0.45	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with NaOH	1.92 (0.20)	P=0.33	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Natural + pH adjusted with NaHCO₃	2.21 (0.27)	P=0.65	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with NaHCO₃	1.72 (0.19)	P=0.28	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Natural + pH adjusted with TEA	1.90 (0.28)	P=0.31	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with TEA	1.65 (0.15)	P=0.12	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Natural + pH adjusted with AMP	2.03 (0.18)	P=0.44	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with AMP	1.58 (0.14)	P=0.10	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.

Groups	Means (SD)	P value Positive Control	P Value Negative Control
Positive control group	1.91 (1.14)	-	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Negative control group	0.15 (0.02)	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.	-
Natural with unajusted pH	0.35 (0.04)	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.	P=0.51
Industrialized with unajusted	0.34 (0.05)	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.	P=0.50
Natural + pH adjusted with NaOH	2.00 (0.36)	P=0.87	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with NaOH	1.56 (0.13)	P=0.65	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Natural + pH adjusted with NaHCO₃	1.80 (0.30)	P=0.74	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with NaHCO₃	1.72 (0.19)	P=0.69	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Natural + pH adjusted with TEA	1.93 (0.13)	P=0.97	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with TEA	1.37 (0.16)	P=0.23	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Natural + pH adjusted with AMP	1.65 (0.22)	P=0.71	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Industrialized + pH adjusted with AMP	1.43 (0.19)	P=0.34	P<0.01^* * Indicates a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.

Period	Type of coconut water	Unajusted pH	pH adjusted to 7.0 using
Period	Type of coconut water	Unajusted pH	NaOH	NaHCO₃	TEA	AMP
0 hours	Natural	5.5 (0.5) ^Aa	7.0 (0.0) ^B	7.0 (0.0) ^Bb	7.0 (0.0) ^Bb	7.0 (0.0) ^Bb
0 hours	Industrialized	5.4 (0.4) ^Aa	7.0 (0.0) ^B	7.0 (0.0) ^Bb	7.0 (0.0) ^Bb	7.0 (0.0) ^Bb
2 hours	Natural	5.6 (0.4) ^Ab	7.1 (0.1) ^B	7.2 (0.2) ^Bb	7.1 (0.1) ^Bb	7.2 (0.1) ^Bb
2 hours	Industrialized	5.5 (0.4) ^Ab	7.1 (0.1) ^B	7.2 (0.2) ^Bb	7.2 (0.0) ^Bb	7.2 (0.0) ^Bb
	Natural	5.6 (0.4) ^Ac	7.3 (0.1) ^B	7.5 (0.2) ^Bb	7.3 (0.1) ^Bb	7.3 (0.1) ^Bb
4 hours	Industrialized	5.5 (0.3) ^Ac	7.3 (0.0) ^B	7.6 (0.1) ^Bb	7.4 (0.1) ^Bb	7.3 (0.1) ^Bb

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[1] CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.